NURS 198 Exam 2 questions with
complete solutions graded A+
2025/2026
Which layer of the skin contains blood vessels, nerves, sebaceous glands, lymphatic vessels, hair
follicles, and sweat glands? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔dermis
Which area of the body should a nurse inspect for possible loss of skin integrity when
performing a skin examination on a female who is obese? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔under the
breasts
4 stages of pressure ulcers - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔I: red, unbroken skin, does not blanch
II: partial thickness skin erosion, loss of dermis / epidermis
III: full thickness skin erosion, extends into subcutaneous tissue, resembles crater
IV: full thickness skin erosion involving all skin layers, exposes muscle, tendon, bone - eschar or
sloughing may be present
A client's history reveals that he has been taking oral steroid therapy for several years for the
treatment of an autoimmune disorder. During assessment, the nurse would expect the client's
skin to have what characteristic? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔thinning
What causes skin drying with age? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔decreased sebum production
Hypothyroidism effects on hair and skin vs Hyperthyroidism - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔Hypo- thick
coarse hair and dry and cool skin
Hyper- smooth skin, thin and silky hair, and brittle nails
,While assessing the nails of an older adult, the nurse observes early clubbing. The nurse should
further evaluate the client for signs and symptoms of... - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔hypoxia
Why is it important for the nurse to ask the client what they think caused a skin condition? -
CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔The client's perception affects the approach and effectiveness in treating
the skin condition
An older client is concerned about new senile keratoses appearing on the skin. What should the
nurse respond to this client's concern? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔Normal occurrence with aging
What does SPF 15 mean when considering a sunscreen? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔SPF 15 is the
ratio of the number of minutes for treated versus untreated skin to redden with exposure to
ultraviolet B rays
5 layers of epidermis from most superficial to most deep - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔stratum
corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale
The nurse is preparing to perform a physical examination of a client who is an Orthodox Jew.
Which of the following accommodations should the nurse be prepared to make for this client,
based on his religious beliefs? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔have a same sex nurse examine them
A client is 20 weeks pregnant and has melasma. What information can the nurse give the client
about melasma, when educating her about the effects of pregnancy? - CORRECT ANSWER
✔✔melasma generally resolves postpartum, however can be permanent in some cases
What is the Braden Scale? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔used to assess chance of skin breakdown
and ulcer formation
An 8-year-old girl comes with her mother for evaluation of hair loss. The girls denies pulling or
twisting her hair, and her mother has not noted this behavior at all. She does not put her
daughter's hair in braids. Physical examination reveals a clearly demarcated, round patch of hair
, loss without visible scaling or inflammation. No hair shafts are visible. Based on this description,
what is the most likely diagnosis? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔alopecia areata
An adult male client visits the clinic and tells the nurse that he believes he has athlete's foot.
The nurse observes that the client has linear cracks in the skin on both feet. The nurse should
document the presence of... - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔fissures
Primary vs secondary lesions - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔Primary: lesions arising from previously
normal skin
Secondary: result from the changes that take place in the primary lesion due to infection,
scratching, trauma, or various stages of a disease
When preparing to examine a client's skin, what is the MOST important for the nurse to do? -
CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔only expose the body part being examined
What is the normal capillary refill time? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔2 seconds
Macule, Patch, and Papule - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔Macule — a small patch of skin that is
altered in colour, but is not elevated.
Patch — a large area of colour change, with a smooth surface.
Papule — elevated, solid, palpable lesion that is ≤ 1 cm in diameter. They may be solitary or
multiple.
The nurse would pursue additional assessment and evaluation of an older adult client with
diabetes upon assessing which of the following?
Cherry angioma
Seborrheic keratosis
Cutaneous horn
Pressure ulcer - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔pressure ulcer
complete solutions graded A+
2025/2026
Which layer of the skin contains blood vessels, nerves, sebaceous glands, lymphatic vessels, hair
follicles, and sweat glands? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔dermis
Which area of the body should a nurse inspect for possible loss of skin integrity when
performing a skin examination on a female who is obese? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔under the
breasts
4 stages of pressure ulcers - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔I: red, unbroken skin, does not blanch
II: partial thickness skin erosion, loss of dermis / epidermis
III: full thickness skin erosion, extends into subcutaneous tissue, resembles crater
IV: full thickness skin erosion involving all skin layers, exposes muscle, tendon, bone - eschar or
sloughing may be present
A client's history reveals that he has been taking oral steroid therapy for several years for the
treatment of an autoimmune disorder. During assessment, the nurse would expect the client's
skin to have what characteristic? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔thinning
What causes skin drying with age? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔decreased sebum production
Hypothyroidism effects on hair and skin vs Hyperthyroidism - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔Hypo- thick
coarse hair and dry and cool skin
Hyper- smooth skin, thin and silky hair, and brittle nails
,While assessing the nails of an older adult, the nurse observes early clubbing. The nurse should
further evaluate the client for signs and symptoms of... - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔hypoxia
Why is it important for the nurse to ask the client what they think caused a skin condition? -
CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔The client's perception affects the approach and effectiveness in treating
the skin condition
An older client is concerned about new senile keratoses appearing on the skin. What should the
nurse respond to this client's concern? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔Normal occurrence with aging
What does SPF 15 mean when considering a sunscreen? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔SPF 15 is the
ratio of the number of minutes for treated versus untreated skin to redden with exposure to
ultraviolet B rays
5 layers of epidermis from most superficial to most deep - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔stratum
corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale
The nurse is preparing to perform a physical examination of a client who is an Orthodox Jew.
Which of the following accommodations should the nurse be prepared to make for this client,
based on his religious beliefs? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔have a same sex nurse examine them
A client is 20 weeks pregnant and has melasma. What information can the nurse give the client
about melasma, when educating her about the effects of pregnancy? - CORRECT ANSWER
✔✔melasma generally resolves postpartum, however can be permanent in some cases
What is the Braden Scale? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔used to assess chance of skin breakdown
and ulcer formation
An 8-year-old girl comes with her mother for evaluation of hair loss. The girls denies pulling or
twisting her hair, and her mother has not noted this behavior at all. She does not put her
daughter's hair in braids. Physical examination reveals a clearly demarcated, round patch of hair
, loss without visible scaling or inflammation. No hair shafts are visible. Based on this description,
what is the most likely diagnosis? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔alopecia areata
An adult male client visits the clinic and tells the nurse that he believes he has athlete's foot.
The nurse observes that the client has linear cracks in the skin on both feet. The nurse should
document the presence of... - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔fissures
Primary vs secondary lesions - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔Primary: lesions arising from previously
normal skin
Secondary: result from the changes that take place in the primary lesion due to infection,
scratching, trauma, or various stages of a disease
When preparing to examine a client's skin, what is the MOST important for the nurse to do? -
CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔only expose the body part being examined
What is the normal capillary refill time? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔2 seconds
Macule, Patch, and Papule - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔Macule — a small patch of skin that is
altered in colour, but is not elevated.
Patch — a large area of colour change, with a smooth surface.
Papule — elevated, solid, palpable lesion that is ≤ 1 cm in diameter. They may be solitary or
multiple.
The nurse would pursue additional assessment and evaluation of an older adult client with
diabetes upon assessing which of the following?
Cherry angioma
Seborrheic keratosis
Cutaneous horn
Pressure ulcer - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔pressure ulcer
