PSYC 388- Final Correct Detailed Answers
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QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
List 5 factors that influenced the development of counselling in Canada since the 1960s..
ANSWER - There was a shift to group therapy in the 60s
- In the 90s, there was a focus on counselling issues related to the whole person.
-Canadian guidance Counsellor's association was created in 1965.
-Counselling became a distinct profession in the 1980s.
-The first counselling section was formed by CPA in 1986. This was important because it
distinguished counselling from other psychological professions.
-In 1989, CPA established accreditation criteria for their doctoral program in counselling.
E.G. Williamson. ANSWER Created the first counselling theory in the 1930s.
Clifford Beers. ANSWER He was hospitalized for mental illness. He advocated for better
treatment of patients and for better mental health facilities.
Frank Parsons. ANSWER Founder of vocational guidance
Carl Rogers. ANSWER Had a humanistic view; developed person-centered therapy.
Albert Ellis. ANSWER Developed rational emotive therapy. It's a type of cognitive
therapy that focuses on changing the client's irrational beliefs.
Eric Berne. ANSWER Father of transactional analysis. Said there are 3 ego states: the
child, the adult, and the parent.
,Aaron Beck. ANSWER Pioneer in cognitive therapy. His method helps patients identify
automatic thoughts and reactions, and helps them develop more beneficial reactions.
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs. ANSWER (level 1) Physiological Needs, (level 2) Safety and
Security, (level 3) Relationships, Love and Affection, (level 4) Self Esteem, (level 5) Self
Actualization
Diff between Canada and US in counselling. ANSWER Counselling in USA grew out of
professional psychology; in Canada grew out of educational psychology.
1980s counselling also changed because of. ANSWER attention to gender issues and
sexual preferences, feminist theory, renewed emphasis on moral development, challenges of
working with different ethnic and cultural groups.
Lawrence Kohlberg. ANSWER moral development; presented boys moral dilemmas and
studied their responses and reasoning processes in making moral decisions. Most famous
moral dilemma is "Heinz" who has an ill wife and cannot afford the medication. Should he
steal the medication and why?
Wellness Mode --2000. ANSWER Wellness Mode --2000
Describe how the vocational guidance movement in public schools, and later in Canadian
colleges and universities, contributed to the growth of the profession of counselling in
Canada.. ANSWER Counsellors and guidance counsellors started to replace teachers in
schools in areas of testing and counselling. School boards begin hiring full-time counsellors
as a result of the rising popularity of Rogers' humanistic approach. Counselling became to
be seen as a crucial part of schools and should be its own profession.
An important difference between psychiatrists and other allied mental health professionals
is:. ANSWER their ability to provide and monitor psychotropic medication
Guidance deals with ___. counselling deals with ___. ANSWER choice; change
Good qualities for effective counsellor (12). ANSWER Curiosity,
,ability to listen,
empathy,
comfort with conversation,
emotional intelligence,
introspection,
capacity for self-denial,
comfort with power,
ability to laugh,
monitor own biases,
ask for clarification,
explore racial and cultural differences
Bad reasons for becoming a counsellor (6). ANSWER 1. Emotional distress,
2. Vicarious coping,
3. loneliness,
4. Desire for Power,
5. Need for love,
6. Vicarious rebellion
identify the symptoms of burnout, describe its treatment, and identify ways to prevent it..
ANSWER state of becoming emotionally or physically drained to the point that one cannot
perform functions meaningfully.
Counsellors develop a negative self-concept, negative job attitude, and even a loss of
concern, compassion, and feeling for others.
It's the most common personal consequence of being a counsellor.
To avoid burnout, counsellors need to modify their environment as well as the individual
and interpersonal factors associated with it.
Burnout can also be avoided/treated by: associating with healthy individuals, using stress-
reduction exercises, engaging in self-assessment, setting aside free and private time.
, differentiate between the disciplines of counselling, social work, psychology, and
psychiatry.. ANSWER Counselling: Most professional counsellors in Canada are either
social workers or counselling psychologists.
Social work: Need BSW or MSw
Psychology: Can have a PhD, EdD, PsyD. Graduates need to complete a practicum.
Psychiatry: Need a doctoral degree. The only ones who can prescribe medications. Usually
use the medical model.
describe the education/credentialing processes related to the various counselling
professionals in Canada.. ANSWER CCPA accredits master's programs in Canada that are
counselling related.
To be accredited by CCPA, the program must require minimum 48 hours semester hours
and meet core competencies such as: counselling as a profession, issues in counselling, etc.
Students must complete a 100hr practicum, and a 400hr practicum.
Counselling psychology: 4 CPA accredited programs in Canada. U of A, McGill, UBC,
Ontario Institute for studies in education.
Social work: Most social work schools in canada are accredited voluntarily through the
Canadian Association for Social Work Education.
Three levels of helping relationships. ANSWER -nonprofessional
-paraprofessional
-professional
Attributes of counselling -- Medical. ANSWER Client not accountable for cause of
problem or solution. Can become dependent on counsellor.
Attributes of counselling -- Moral Model. ANSWER Clients responsible for causing and
solving problem. Might be victim of circumstances but respo for own victimization.
Attributes of counselling -- Compensatory Model. ANSWER Resp for solving but not
causing problem. Pressure to solve problems they didn't create.
the Latest Update.
Already Graded A+
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
List 5 factors that influenced the development of counselling in Canada since the 1960s..
ANSWER - There was a shift to group therapy in the 60s
- In the 90s, there was a focus on counselling issues related to the whole person.
-Canadian guidance Counsellor's association was created in 1965.
-Counselling became a distinct profession in the 1980s.
-The first counselling section was formed by CPA in 1986. This was important because it
distinguished counselling from other psychological professions.
-In 1989, CPA established accreditation criteria for their doctoral program in counselling.
E.G. Williamson. ANSWER Created the first counselling theory in the 1930s.
Clifford Beers. ANSWER He was hospitalized for mental illness. He advocated for better
treatment of patients and for better mental health facilities.
Frank Parsons. ANSWER Founder of vocational guidance
Carl Rogers. ANSWER Had a humanistic view; developed person-centered therapy.
Albert Ellis. ANSWER Developed rational emotive therapy. It's a type of cognitive
therapy that focuses on changing the client's irrational beliefs.
Eric Berne. ANSWER Father of transactional analysis. Said there are 3 ego states: the
child, the adult, and the parent.
,Aaron Beck. ANSWER Pioneer in cognitive therapy. His method helps patients identify
automatic thoughts and reactions, and helps them develop more beneficial reactions.
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs. ANSWER (level 1) Physiological Needs, (level 2) Safety and
Security, (level 3) Relationships, Love and Affection, (level 4) Self Esteem, (level 5) Self
Actualization
Diff between Canada and US in counselling. ANSWER Counselling in USA grew out of
professional psychology; in Canada grew out of educational psychology.
1980s counselling also changed because of. ANSWER attention to gender issues and
sexual preferences, feminist theory, renewed emphasis on moral development, challenges of
working with different ethnic and cultural groups.
Lawrence Kohlberg. ANSWER moral development; presented boys moral dilemmas and
studied their responses and reasoning processes in making moral decisions. Most famous
moral dilemma is "Heinz" who has an ill wife and cannot afford the medication. Should he
steal the medication and why?
Wellness Mode --2000. ANSWER Wellness Mode --2000
Describe how the vocational guidance movement in public schools, and later in Canadian
colleges and universities, contributed to the growth of the profession of counselling in
Canada.. ANSWER Counsellors and guidance counsellors started to replace teachers in
schools in areas of testing and counselling. School boards begin hiring full-time counsellors
as a result of the rising popularity of Rogers' humanistic approach. Counselling became to
be seen as a crucial part of schools and should be its own profession.
An important difference between psychiatrists and other allied mental health professionals
is:. ANSWER their ability to provide and monitor psychotropic medication
Guidance deals with ___. counselling deals with ___. ANSWER choice; change
Good qualities for effective counsellor (12). ANSWER Curiosity,
,ability to listen,
empathy,
comfort with conversation,
emotional intelligence,
introspection,
capacity for self-denial,
comfort with power,
ability to laugh,
monitor own biases,
ask for clarification,
explore racial and cultural differences
Bad reasons for becoming a counsellor (6). ANSWER 1. Emotional distress,
2. Vicarious coping,
3. loneliness,
4. Desire for Power,
5. Need for love,
6. Vicarious rebellion
identify the symptoms of burnout, describe its treatment, and identify ways to prevent it..
ANSWER state of becoming emotionally or physically drained to the point that one cannot
perform functions meaningfully.
Counsellors develop a negative self-concept, negative job attitude, and even a loss of
concern, compassion, and feeling for others.
It's the most common personal consequence of being a counsellor.
To avoid burnout, counsellors need to modify their environment as well as the individual
and interpersonal factors associated with it.
Burnout can also be avoided/treated by: associating with healthy individuals, using stress-
reduction exercises, engaging in self-assessment, setting aside free and private time.
, differentiate between the disciplines of counselling, social work, psychology, and
psychiatry.. ANSWER Counselling: Most professional counsellors in Canada are either
social workers or counselling psychologists.
Social work: Need BSW or MSw
Psychology: Can have a PhD, EdD, PsyD. Graduates need to complete a practicum.
Psychiatry: Need a doctoral degree. The only ones who can prescribe medications. Usually
use the medical model.
describe the education/credentialing processes related to the various counselling
professionals in Canada.. ANSWER CCPA accredits master's programs in Canada that are
counselling related.
To be accredited by CCPA, the program must require minimum 48 hours semester hours
and meet core competencies such as: counselling as a profession, issues in counselling, etc.
Students must complete a 100hr practicum, and a 400hr practicum.
Counselling psychology: 4 CPA accredited programs in Canada. U of A, McGill, UBC,
Ontario Institute for studies in education.
Social work: Most social work schools in canada are accredited voluntarily through the
Canadian Association for Social Work Education.
Three levels of helping relationships. ANSWER -nonprofessional
-paraprofessional
-professional
Attributes of counselling -- Medical. ANSWER Client not accountable for cause of
problem or solution. Can become dependent on counsellor.
Attributes of counselling -- Moral Model. ANSWER Clients responsible for causing and
solving problem. Might be victim of circumstances but respo for own victimization.
Attributes of counselling -- Compensatory Model. ANSWER Resp for solving but not
causing problem. Pressure to solve problems they didn't create.
