Medical-Surgical Nursing Exam 16 Cardiovascular
Nursing (60 Items) Exam Questions & 100%
Correct Answers (Verified) Latest Update With
Best Rationales Grade A+
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1. Which of the following arteries primarily feeds the anterior wall of the heart?
a. Circumflex artery
b. Internal mammary artery
c. Left anterior descending artery
d. Right coronary artery. ANSWER - c. Left anterior descending artery
The left anterior descending artery is the primary source of blood for the anterior wall of
the heart. The circumflex artery supplies the lateral wall, the internal mammary artery
supplies the mammary, and the right coronary artery supplies the inferior wall of the heart.
2. When do coronary arteries primarily receive blood flow?
a. During inspiration
b. During diastole
c. During expiration
d. During systole. ANSWER - b. During diastole
Although the coronary arteries may receive a minute portion of blood during systole, most
of the blood flow to coronary arteries is supplied during diastole. Breathing patterns are
irrelevant to blood flow
3. Which of the following illnesses is the leading cause of death in the US?
a. Cancer
b. Coronary artery disease
c. Liver failure
d. Renal failure. ANSWER - b. Coronary artery disease
,Coronary artery disease accounts for over 50% of all deaths in the US. Cancer accounts for
approximately 20%. Liver failure and renal failure account for less than 10% of all deaths in
the US.
4. Which of the following conditions most commonly results in CAD?
a. Atherosclerosis
b. DM
c. MI
d. Renal failure. ANSWER - a. Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis, or plaque formation, is the leading cause of CAD. DM is a risk factor for
CAD but isn't the most common cause. Renal failure doesn't cause CAD, but the two
conditions are related. Myocardial infarction is commonly a result of CAD.
5. Atherosclerosis impedes coronary blood flow by which of the following mechanisms?
a. Plaques obstruct the vein
b. Plaques obstruct the artery
c. Blood clots form outside the vessel wall
d. Hardened vessels dilate to allow the blood to flow through. ANSWER - b. Plaques
obstruct the artery
Arteries, not veins, supply the coronary arteries with oxygen and other nutrients.
Atherosclerosis is a direct result of plaque formation in the artery. Hardened vessels can't
dilate properly and, therefore, constrict blood flow.
6. Which of the following risk factors for coronary artery disease cannot be corrected?
a. Cigarette smoking
b. DM
c. Heredity
d. HPN. ANSWER - c. Heredity
Because "heredity" refers to our genetic makeup, it can't be changed. Cigarette smoking
cessation is a lifestyle change that involves behavior modification. Diabetes mellitus is a
risk factor that can be controlled with diet, exercise, and medication. Altering one's diet,
exercise, and medication can correct hypertension.
, 7. Exceeding which of the following serum cholesterol levels significantly increases the risk
of coronary artery disease?
a. 100 mg/dl
b. 150 mg/dl
c. 175 mg/dl
d. 200 mg/dl. ANSWER - d. 200 mg/dl
Cholesterol levels above 200 mg/dl are considered excessive. They require dietary
restriction and perhaps medication. Exercise also helps reduce cholesterol levels. The other
levels listed are all below the nationally accepted levels for cholesterol and carry a lesser
risk for CAD.
8. Which of the following actions is the first priority care for a client exhibiting signs and
symptoms of coronary artery disease?
a. Decrease anxiety
b. Enhance myocardial oxygenation
c. Administer sublingual nitroglycerin
d. Educate the client about his symptoms. ANSWER - b. Enhance myocardial oxygenation
Enhancing myocardial oxygenation is always the first priority when a client exhibits signs
and symptoms of cardiac compromise. Without adequate oxygen, the myocardium suffers
damage. Sublingual nitroglycerin is administered to treat acute angina, but its
administration isn't the first priority. Although educating the client and decreasing anxiety
are important in care delivery, nether are priorities when a client is compromised.
9. Medical treatment of coronary artery disease includes which of the following
procedures?
a. Cardiac catheterization
b. Coronary artery bypass surgery
c. Oral medication administration
d. Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. ANSWER - c. Oral medication
administration
Nursing (60 Items) Exam Questions & 100%
Correct Answers (Verified) Latest Update With
Best Rationales Grade A+
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1. Which of the following arteries primarily feeds the anterior wall of the heart?
a. Circumflex artery
b. Internal mammary artery
c. Left anterior descending artery
d. Right coronary artery. ANSWER - c. Left anterior descending artery
The left anterior descending artery is the primary source of blood for the anterior wall of
the heart. The circumflex artery supplies the lateral wall, the internal mammary artery
supplies the mammary, and the right coronary artery supplies the inferior wall of the heart.
2. When do coronary arteries primarily receive blood flow?
a. During inspiration
b. During diastole
c. During expiration
d. During systole. ANSWER - b. During diastole
Although the coronary arteries may receive a minute portion of blood during systole, most
of the blood flow to coronary arteries is supplied during diastole. Breathing patterns are
irrelevant to blood flow
3. Which of the following illnesses is the leading cause of death in the US?
a. Cancer
b. Coronary artery disease
c. Liver failure
d. Renal failure. ANSWER - b. Coronary artery disease
,Coronary artery disease accounts for over 50% of all deaths in the US. Cancer accounts for
approximately 20%. Liver failure and renal failure account for less than 10% of all deaths in
the US.
4. Which of the following conditions most commonly results in CAD?
a. Atherosclerosis
b. DM
c. MI
d. Renal failure. ANSWER - a. Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis, or plaque formation, is the leading cause of CAD. DM is a risk factor for
CAD but isn't the most common cause. Renal failure doesn't cause CAD, but the two
conditions are related. Myocardial infarction is commonly a result of CAD.
5. Atherosclerosis impedes coronary blood flow by which of the following mechanisms?
a. Plaques obstruct the vein
b. Plaques obstruct the artery
c. Blood clots form outside the vessel wall
d. Hardened vessels dilate to allow the blood to flow through. ANSWER - b. Plaques
obstruct the artery
Arteries, not veins, supply the coronary arteries with oxygen and other nutrients.
Atherosclerosis is a direct result of plaque formation in the artery. Hardened vessels can't
dilate properly and, therefore, constrict blood flow.
6. Which of the following risk factors for coronary artery disease cannot be corrected?
a. Cigarette smoking
b. DM
c. Heredity
d. HPN. ANSWER - c. Heredity
Because "heredity" refers to our genetic makeup, it can't be changed. Cigarette smoking
cessation is a lifestyle change that involves behavior modification. Diabetes mellitus is a
risk factor that can be controlled with diet, exercise, and medication. Altering one's diet,
exercise, and medication can correct hypertension.
, 7. Exceeding which of the following serum cholesterol levels significantly increases the risk
of coronary artery disease?
a. 100 mg/dl
b. 150 mg/dl
c. 175 mg/dl
d. 200 mg/dl. ANSWER - d. 200 mg/dl
Cholesterol levels above 200 mg/dl are considered excessive. They require dietary
restriction and perhaps medication. Exercise also helps reduce cholesterol levels. The other
levels listed are all below the nationally accepted levels for cholesterol and carry a lesser
risk for CAD.
8. Which of the following actions is the first priority care for a client exhibiting signs and
symptoms of coronary artery disease?
a. Decrease anxiety
b. Enhance myocardial oxygenation
c. Administer sublingual nitroglycerin
d. Educate the client about his symptoms. ANSWER - b. Enhance myocardial oxygenation
Enhancing myocardial oxygenation is always the first priority when a client exhibits signs
and symptoms of cardiac compromise. Without adequate oxygen, the myocardium suffers
damage. Sublingual nitroglycerin is administered to treat acute angina, but its
administration isn't the first priority. Although educating the client and decreasing anxiety
are important in care delivery, nether are priorities when a client is compromised.
9. Medical treatment of coronary artery disease includes which of the following
procedures?
a. Cardiac catheterization
b. Coronary artery bypass surgery
c. Oral medication administration
d. Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. ANSWER - c. Oral medication
administration
