2025 AQA AS HISTORY 7041/1A The Age of the Crusades, c1071–1204
Component 1A The Crusader states and Outremer, c1071–1149
Question paper and Marking scheme Merged
AS
HISTORY
The Age of the Crusades, c1071–1204
Component 1A The Crusader states and Outremer, c1071–1149
Wednesday 14 May 2025 Afternoon Time allowed: 1 hour 30 minutes
Materials
For this paper you must have:
• an AQA 16-page answer book.
Instructions
• Use black ink or black ball-point pen.
• Write the information required on the front of your answer book. The Paper Reference is
7041/1A.
• Answer two questions.
In Section A answer Question 01.
In Section B answer either Question 02 or Question 03.
Information
• The marks for questions are shown in brackets.
• The maximum mark for this paper is 50.
• You will be marked on your ability to:
– use good English
– organise information clearly
– use specialist vocabulary where appropriate.
Advice
• You are advised to spend about:
– 50 minutes on Section A
– 40 minutes on Section B.
, 2
Section A
Answer Question 01.
Extract A
The establishment of western rule in Syria had brought little security for those travelling in
the Holy Land, especially pilgrims who were vulnerable to Muslim attacks. It was to
provide protection for pilgrims that a group of western knights formed themselves into what
became the Knights Templar in 1119. In assuming a military role, as well as providing
protection for pilgrims, the Templars were answering an obvious need. Most of those who 5
had taken part in the First Crusade had returned home after capturing Jerusalem. Troops
had to be withdrawn from castles if a field army was to be assembled and the native
population could not always be relied on to help. Therefore the Military Orders provided
much needed assistance.
Adapted from A Forey, The Military Orders from the Twelfth to the Fourteenth Centuries,
1992
Extract B
What made the creation of the Military Orders in the Latin Kingdom possible was the lifting
of the sin associated with military activity and prowess. The crusading indulgence offered
by Pope Urban II in 1095 represented a landmark in the medieval theory of Christian
warfare. It proposed a new vocation of Christian knighthood. It diverted the aggressive
materialistic instincts of the military aristocracy into a holy war against Islam; and in doing 5
so, it sanctified the knightly classes. The Military Orders, founded in the Near East, were
societies of warrior monks and they were the product of this new crusading ethos. They
were professionally dedicated to the holy war; in them, Christian knighthood found its
ideal.
Adapted from CH Lawrence, Medieval Monasticism, 4th edition, 2015
0 1 With reference to these extracts and your understanding of the historical context, which
of these two extracts provides the more convincing interpretation of the establishment
of the Military Orders by 1149?
[25 marks]
IB/M/Jun25/7041/1A
Component 1A The Crusader states and Outremer, c1071–1149
Question paper and Marking scheme Merged
AS
HISTORY
The Age of the Crusades, c1071–1204
Component 1A The Crusader states and Outremer, c1071–1149
Wednesday 14 May 2025 Afternoon Time allowed: 1 hour 30 minutes
Materials
For this paper you must have:
• an AQA 16-page answer book.
Instructions
• Use black ink or black ball-point pen.
• Write the information required on the front of your answer book. The Paper Reference is
7041/1A.
• Answer two questions.
In Section A answer Question 01.
In Section B answer either Question 02 or Question 03.
Information
• The marks for questions are shown in brackets.
• The maximum mark for this paper is 50.
• You will be marked on your ability to:
– use good English
– organise information clearly
– use specialist vocabulary where appropriate.
Advice
• You are advised to spend about:
– 50 minutes on Section A
– 40 minutes on Section B.
, 2
Section A
Answer Question 01.
Extract A
The establishment of western rule in Syria had brought little security for those travelling in
the Holy Land, especially pilgrims who were vulnerable to Muslim attacks. It was to
provide protection for pilgrims that a group of western knights formed themselves into what
became the Knights Templar in 1119. In assuming a military role, as well as providing
protection for pilgrims, the Templars were answering an obvious need. Most of those who 5
had taken part in the First Crusade had returned home after capturing Jerusalem. Troops
had to be withdrawn from castles if a field army was to be assembled and the native
population could not always be relied on to help. Therefore the Military Orders provided
much needed assistance.
Adapted from A Forey, The Military Orders from the Twelfth to the Fourteenth Centuries,
1992
Extract B
What made the creation of the Military Orders in the Latin Kingdom possible was the lifting
of the sin associated with military activity and prowess. The crusading indulgence offered
by Pope Urban II in 1095 represented a landmark in the medieval theory of Christian
warfare. It proposed a new vocation of Christian knighthood. It diverted the aggressive
materialistic instincts of the military aristocracy into a holy war against Islam; and in doing 5
so, it sanctified the knightly classes. The Military Orders, founded in the Near East, were
societies of warrior monks and they were the product of this new crusading ethos. They
were professionally dedicated to the holy war; in them, Christian knighthood found its
ideal.
Adapted from CH Lawrence, Medieval Monasticism, 4th edition, 2015
0 1 With reference to these extracts and your understanding of the historical context, which
of these two extracts provides the more convincing interpretation of the establishment
of the Military Orders by 1149?
[25 marks]
IB/M/Jun25/7041/1A
