PLTW Medical Interventions Unit 4 Exam Questions Answered Correctly Latest Update 2026/2027

PLTW Medical Interventions Unit 4 Exam Questions Answered Correctly Latest Update 2026/2027 bacterial transformation - Answers process by which bacterial cells take up naked DNA molecules process of bacterial transformation - Answers DNA fragment bind to cell surface receptor, extracellular endonuclease cuts DNA into small fragments, single strand enters the cell and aligns with homologous region on bacterial chromosome, DNA is incorporated by homologous recombination Reagents needed in Bacterial Transformation - Answers -Calcium Chloride -Nutrient broth -Arabinose Calcium Chloride - Answers Swells and uptakes DNA after heat shock Nutrient Broth - Answers Allows for recovery off cells Arabinose - Answers sugar required to turn on transcription of GFP and production of green fluorescent protein pGLO gene - Answers Produced by jellyfish Aequorea victoria. Protein causes green fluorescence pGLO plasmid - Answers An engineered plasmid used in biotechnology as a vector for creating genetically modified organisms. The plasmid contains several reporter genes, most notably for the green fluorescent protein (GFP), araC gene, and Beta-lactamase enzyme (BLA). BLA (Beta-lactamase enzyme) - Answers Grows in the presences of ampicillin; ampicillin resistance GFP (green fluorescent protein) - Answers glows fluorescent under low intensity light identifies bad cells via fluorescent microscopy ara C gene - Answers uses Repressor (protein) to regulate transcription of GFP gene (Trait) Calculation of transformation efficiency - Answers -How many ug of DNA did you actually put on each plate? -TE = # of cells growing on plate/ Amount of DNA spread on a plate (in ug) Protein Purification Process - Answers 1) cell lysis, 2) protein binding to a matrix, 3) washing and 4) elution. cell lysis - Answers swelling of cell b/c excess turgor pressure protein binding to matrix - Answers Proteins containing hydrophobic amino acids will bind to the column in the presence of high salt, while proteins containing hydrophilic amino acids will pass through washing - Answers Removes all excess content elution - Answers The process of extracting a substance that is bound to another by washing it with a solution. hydrophobic amino acids orientation in presence of high salt (lack of water) - Answers moved from the interior to the exterior of the protein SDS-PAGE - Answers helps to coat the more linear proteins with a negative charge lysosyme - Answers breaks down cell walls binding buffer - Answers High salt concentration buffer used to strengthen the hydrophobic bonds wash buffer - Answers Medium salt concentration releases other loosely bound proteins while GFP remains on the column. Washes away non-hydrophobic proteins. hydrophobic - Answers Non-polar amino acids orient themselves away from aqueous solutions Hydrophililc - Answers Polar amino acids orient themselves toward aqueous solutions