PLTW Medical Interventions 1.1 Review Questions with Correct Answers Latest Update 2026/2027

PLTW Medical Interventions 1.1 Review Questions with Correct Answers Latest Update 2026/2027 Medical Intervention - Answers Any measure whose purpose is to improve health or alter the course of disease Outbreak - Answers A sudden rise in the incidence of a disease Pathogen - Answers A specific causative agent of disease Bioinformatics - Answers The collection, classification, storage, and analysis of biochemical and biological information using computers especially as applied in molecular genetics and genomics. Bioinformatics can be used to help identify infectious agents, such as viruses and bacteria, involved in disease outbreaks. Genome - Answers The complement of an organism's genes; an organism's genetic material National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) - Answers Read the nucleotide collection, after we will be able to identify the pathogen. Antibody - Answers A protein secreted by plasma cells (differentiated B cells) that binds to a particular antigen and marks it for elimination. Antigen - Answers A macromolecule that elicits an immune response by lymphocytes. Concentration - Answers The amount of a specified substance in a unit amount of another substance Solvent - Answers A substance, usually a liquid, capable of dissolving another substance Solute - Answers A substance dissolved in another substance Solution - Answers A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances, which may be solids, liquids, gases, or a combination of these ELISA (Enzyme-linked Immunosorbant Assay) - Answers A quantitative in vitro test for an antibody or antigen in which the test material is absorbed on a surface and exposed either to a complex of an enzyme linked to an antibody specific for the antigen or an enzyme linked to an anti-immunoglobulin specific for the antibody followed by reaction of the enzyme with a substrate to yield a colored product corresponding to the concentration of the test material. Enzyme - Answers A protein serving as a catalyst; a chemical agent that changes the rate of reaction without being consumed by the reaction ELISA description - Answers Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbant Assay. Combines targeted tagging with antibodies and an enzyme reaction that produces a visible color change to test for the presence of disease antigens or antibodies produced in response to that antigen. The ELISA assay can even detect disease agents in body fluids before the body has a chance to mount an immune response and produce antibodies. Indirect ELISA - Answers Indirect ELISA is a two-step ELISA which involves two binding process of primary antibody and labeled secondary antibody. The primary antibody is incubated with the antigen followed by the incubation with the secondary antibody. Direct ELISA - Answers The antigen is absorbed to a plastic plate, then an excess of another protein (normally bovine serum albumin) is added to block all the other binding sites. While an enzyme is linked to an antibody in a separate reaction, the enzyme-antibody complex is applied to absorb to the antigen. After excess enzyme-antibody complex is washed off, enzyme-antibody bound to antigen is left. By adding in the enzyme's substrate, the enzyme is detected illustrating the signal of the antigen. Antibodies - Answers Specific proteins produced in response to invading antigens, circulate to keep us healthy. Antibodies seek out and attach themselves to invaders, flagging them for destruction by the immune system. Qualitative - Answers descriptions Quantitative - Answers Amounts An ELISA can provide qualitative results - Answers Indicating whether a patient is positive or negative for the presence of the antigen or antibody An ELISA can provide quantitative results - Answers Determining how much of the detected substance is present. Primary antibodies - Answers An antibody that can bind to a specific protein or a bio molecule of interest is called. Produced as monoclonal (mAbs) or polyclonal antibodies (pAbs) using animal species such as the rat, mouse, goat, and rabbit as hosts. Secondary Antibodies - Answers Binds with a primary antibody that is directly attached to the target antigen. After the V region of a primary antibody binds to the antigen, a labeled secondary antibody attaches its V region to the stem or C region of the primary antibody. Experiment results and analysis - Answers The presence of absence of the Neisseria