PLTW Medical Interventions- 1.3 - Review Questions Answered Correctly Latest Update
2026/2027
Pinna - Answers helps to cellect sound vibrations near the opening of the ear; directs sounds
waves into external auditory canal
Edward Jenner - Answers Gave boy a different strand of pox (cow pox) to use as a virus.
Because a virus only runs once, it worked as a vaccine. Then gave the boy smallpox, and the boy
was immune.
Auditory Canal - Answers sound waves are funneled down the canal and amplified; natural
acidity protects against infection; secretes cerumen to protect canal from dying out and
protects against insects
Innate Immunity - Answers nonspecific defense mechanisms that come into play immediately
or within hours of an antigen's appearance in the body (skin and chemicals)
Eustachian tube - Answers equalizes air pressure inside and outside tympanic membrane and
allows drainage of normal and diseased middle ear secretions
Acquired Immunity - Answers get sick, activates immune system, acquires immunity; includes
vaccines
Auditory Ossicles - Answers form the mechanical linkage between the tympanic membrane and
inner ear; deliver sound vibrations to inner ear fluid (Incus, Malleus, Stapes)
Passive Immunity - Answers mother passes on antibodies to child through breastfeeding
Tympanic Membrane - Answers sound waves from the external auditory canal hit membrane
and cause it to vibrate; reproduces frequency and form of sound wave
Live- Attenuated Vaccines - Answers Alive, but very weak; Made when the virus is weakened to
such a level that they reproduce only 20 times in the body; Potential of side effects; EX: MMR
(measles, mumps and rubella combination vaccine), varicella and the intranasal form of
influenza.
Cochlea - Answers converts stimulus from outside environment into nerve impulses for
transmission to the brain
Inactivated Vaccines - Answers Bacteria is completely killed using a chemical, usually
formaldehyde; Dead pieces of bacteria are put into vaccine; Strength tends to wear off over time
Multiple doses are necessary; Zero chance of developing disease related symptoms; EX:
hepatitis A, hepatitis B, poliovirus, haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), meningococcal,
pneumococcal and the injected form of influenza.
Sensory Hair Cells - Answers detect sound and head motion to begin the processes of hearing
, and balance control.
Complement System - Answers group of proteins that meets invaders such as bacteria
Cochlear Nerve and Vestibular Nerve - Answers runs from the inner ear to the brain
Antigens - Answers molecules that the body recognizes as foreign substances
Oval Window - Answers vibrations from the ossicles are transferred to the cochlea via the action
of the stapedial footplate of the oval window
Complement Proteins - Answers trigger inflammation, attract eater cells such as macrophages
to the area, coat intruders so that the eater cells are more likely to devour them, kill intruders
Vestibule - Answers respond to changes in the position of the head with respect to gravity
Phagocytes - Answers group of immune cells specialized in finding and "eating" bacteria,
viruses, and dead or injured body cells; types include granulocyte, the macrophage, and the
dendritic cell
Granulocytes - Answers often take the first stand during an infection. They attack any invaders
in large numbers, and "eat" until they die. The pus in an infected wound consists chiefly of dead
granulocytes. A small part of the granulocyte community is specialized in attacking larger
parasites such as worms.
Sound is generated by - Answers vibrations
2 Characteristics of Sound - Answers pitch and intensity
Macrophages ("big eaters") - Answers are slower to respond to invaders than the granulocytes,
but they are larger, live longer, and have far greater capacities. Macrophages also play a key part
in alerting the rest of the immune system of invaders. Macrophages start out as white blood
cells called monocytes. Monocytes that leave the bloodstream turn into macrophages.
Pitch is determined by - Answers frequency
Dendritic cells - Answers "eater" cells and devour intruders, like the granulocytes and the
macrophages. And like the macrophages, the dendritic cells help with the activation of the rest
of the immune system. They are also capable of filtering body fluids to clear them of foreign
organisms and particles.
Frequency - Answers how rapidly the sound waves vibrate each second; measured in vibrations
per second or Hertz (Hz)
Lymphocytes - Answers white blood cells that originate in the bone marrow but migrate to parts
of the lymphatic system such as the lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus; types include T cells and
B cells
2026/2027
Pinna - Answers helps to cellect sound vibrations near the opening of the ear; directs sounds
waves into external auditory canal
Edward Jenner - Answers Gave boy a different strand of pox (cow pox) to use as a virus.
Because a virus only runs once, it worked as a vaccine. Then gave the boy smallpox, and the boy
was immune.
Auditory Canal - Answers sound waves are funneled down the canal and amplified; natural
acidity protects against infection; secretes cerumen to protect canal from dying out and
protects against insects
Innate Immunity - Answers nonspecific defense mechanisms that come into play immediately
or within hours of an antigen's appearance in the body (skin and chemicals)
Eustachian tube - Answers equalizes air pressure inside and outside tympanic membrane and
allows drainage of normal and diseased middle ear secretions
Acquired Immunity - Answers get sick, activates immune system, acquires immunity; includes
vaccines
Auditory Ossicles - Answers form the mechanical linkage between the tympanic membrane and
inner ear; deliver sound vibrations to inner ear fluid (Incus, Malleus, Stapes)
Passive Immunity - Answers mother passes on antibodies to child through breastfeeding
Tympanic Membrane - Answers sound waves from the external auditory canal hit membrane
and cause it to vibrate; reproduces frequency and form of sound wave
Live- Attenuated Vaccines - Answers Alive, but very weak; Made when the virus is weakened to
such a level that they reproduce only 20 times in the body; Potential of side effects; EX: MMR
(measles, mumps and rubella combination vaccine), varicella and the intranasal form of
influenza.
Cochlea - Answers converts stimulus from outside environment into nerve impulses for
transmission to the brain
Inactivated Vaccines - Answers Bacteria is completely killed using a chemical, usually
formaldehyde; Dead pieces of bacteria are put into vaccine; Strength tends to wear off over time
Multiple doses are necessary; Zero chance of developing disease related symptoms; EX:
hepatitis A, hepatitis B, poliovirus, haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), meningococcal,
pneumococcal and the injected form of influenza.
Sensory Hair Cells - Answers detect sound and head motion to begin the processes of hearing
, and balance control.
Complement System - Answers group of proteins that meets invaders such as bacteria
Cochlear Nerve and Vestibular Nerve - Answers runs from the inner ear to the brain
Antigens - Answers molecules that the body recognizes as foreign substances
Oval Window - Answers vibrations from the ossicles are transferred to the cochlea via the action
of the stapedial footplate of the oval window
Complement Proteins - Answers trigger inflammation, attract eater cells such as macrophages
to the area, coat intruders so that the eater cells are more likely to devour them, kill intruders
Vestibule - Answers respond to changes in the position of the head with respect to gravity
Phagocytes - Answers group of immune cells specialized in finding and "eating" bacteria,
viruses, and dead or injured body cells; types include granulocyte, the macrophage, and the
dendritic cell
Granulocytes - Answers often take the first stand during an infection. They attack any invaders
in large numbers, and "eat" until they die. The pus in an infected wound consists chiefly of dead
granulocytes. A small part of the granulocyte community is specialized in attacking larger
parasites such as worms.
Sound is generated by - Answers vibrations
2 Characteristics of Sound - Answers pitch and intensity
Macrophages ("big eaters") - Answers are slower to respond to invaders than the granulocytes,
but they are larger, live longer, and have far greater capacities. Macrophages also play a key part
in alerting the rest of the immune system of invaders. Macrophages start out as white blood
cells called monocytes. Monocytes that leave the bloodstream turn into macrophages.
Pitch is determined by - Answers frequency
Dendritic cells - Answers "eater" cells and devour intruders, like the granulocytes and the
macrophages. And like the macrophages, the dendritic cells help with the activation of the rest
of the immune system. They are also capable of filtering body fluids to clear them of foreign
organisms and particles.
Frequency - Answers how rapidly the sound waves vibrate each second; measured in vibrations
per second or Hertz (Hz)
Lymphocytes - Answers white blood cells that originate in the bone marrow but migrate to parts
of the lymphatic system such as the lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus; types include T cells and
B cells
