THE HUMAN BODY IN HEALTH &
DISEASE
8TH EDITION
• AUTHOR(S)KEVIN PATTON
TEST BANK
1
Reference
Ch. 1 — Introduction to the body — Language of science vs.
language of medicine
Stem
A nurse reads a lab report that describes a patient’s
“tachypnea.” Which interpretation best demonstrates
application of scientific and medical terminology to clinical
data?
,Options
A. The patient has a decreased respiratory rate due to air
trapping.
B. The patient has an increased respiratory rate; this may reflect
hypoxia or fever.
C. The patient has shallow respirations with no rate change.
D. The patient’s tidal volume is increased causing tachypnea.
Correct Answer
B
Rationales
Correct Option: Tachypnea literally means increased respiratory
rate; clinically it often signals compensatory response to low
oxygen, metabolic acidosis, or fever—applying both precise
term meaning and physiologic causes.
A: Incorrect — “Decreased respiratory rate” contradicts
tachypnea.
C: Incorrect — shallow respirations refer to depth, not rate;
tachypnea specifies rate increase.
D: Incorrect — increased tidal volume is depth, not rate;
tachypnea is not caused by increased tidal volume.
Teaching Point
Medical terms pair precise definitions with clinical context.
Citation
Patton, K. T. (2024). The Human Body in Health & Disease (8th
ed.). Ch. 1.
,2
Reference
Ch. 1 — Introduction to the body — Scientific method
Stem
A student observes that repeated exposure to cold reduces
local swelling after minor injury. Which next step of the
scientific method best tests whether cold exposure causes the
reduced swelling?
Options
A. Report the observation as a fact in a study guide.
B. Formulate a falsifiable hypothesis and design a controlled
experiment comparing cold vs. no-cold groups.
C. Assume the mechanism involves vasodilation and teach it as
such.
D. Survey patients for their opinion about ice therapy.
Correct Answer
B
Rationales
Correct Option: The scientific method requires a testable
hypothesis and controlled experiments to determine causation;
comparing groups isolates the effect of cold.
A: Incorrect — Observations require testing before being
accepted as causal facts.
C: Incorrect — Assuming mechanism without testing confuses
, hypothesis with established knowledge.
D: Incorrect — Surveys capture perceptions, not controlled
physiological evidence.
Teaching Point
Hypothesis + controlled experiment = testing causation.
Citation
Patton, K. T. (2024). The Human Body in Health & Disease (8th
ed.). Ch. 1.
3
Reference
Ch. 1 — Introduction to the body — Levels of organization
Stem
A medication affects cell membrane ion channels causing
altered osmotic balance in muscle cells. Which level(s) of
organization best describe the pathway from ion channel
change to decreased muscle strength?
Options
A. Cellular → Tissue → Organ → System.
B. Organism only.
C. Molecular → Organism (skipping others).
D. Ecosystem → Organism.
Correct Answer
A
DISEASE
8TH EDITION
• AUTHOR(S)KEVIN PATTON
TEST BANK
1
Reference
Ch. 1 — Introduction to the body — Language of science vs.
language of medicine
Stem
A nurse reads a lab report that describes a patient’s
“tachypnea.” Which interpretation best demonstrates
application of scientific and medical terminology to clinical
data?
,Options
A. The patient has a decreased respiratory rate due to air
trapping.
B. The patient has an increased respiratory rate; this may reflect
hypoxia or fever.
C. The patient has shallow respirations with no rate change.
D. The patient’s tidal volume is increased causing tachypnea.
Correct Answer
B
Rationales
Correct Option: Tachypnea literally means increased respiratory
rate; clinically it often signals compensatory response to low
oxygen, metabolic acidosis, or fever—applying both precise
term meaning and physiologic causes.
A: Incorrect — “Decreased respiratory rate” contradicts
tachypnea.
C: Incorrect — shallow respirations refer to depth, not rate;
tachypnea specifies rate increase.
D: Incorrect — increased tidal volume is depth, not rate;
tachypnea is not caused by increased tidal volume.
Teaching Point
Medical terms pair precise definitions with clinical context.
Citation
Patton, K. T. (2024). The Human Body in Health & Disease (8th
ed.). Ch. 1.
,2
Reference
Ch. 1 — Introduction to the body — Scientific method
Stem
A student observes that repeated exposure to cold reduces
local swelling after minor injury. Which next step of the
scientific method best tests whether cold exposure causes the
reduced swelling?
Options
A. Report the observation as a fact in a study guide.
B. Formulate a falsifiable hypothesis and design a controlled
experiment comparing cold vs. no-cold groups.
C. Assume the mechanism involves vasodilation and teach it as
such.
D. Survey patients for their opinion about ice therapy.
Correct Answer
B
Rationales
Correct Option: The scientific method requires a testable
hypothesis and controlled experiments to determine causation;
comparing groups isolates the effect of cold.
A: Incorrect — Observations require testing before being
accepted as causal facts.
C: Incorrect — Assuming mechanism without testing confuses
, hypothesis with established knowledge.
D: Incorrect — Surveys capture perceptions, not controlled
physiological evidence.
Teaching Point
Hypothesis + controlled experiment = testing causation.
Citation
Patton, K. T. (2024). The Human Body in Health & Disease (8th
ed.). Ch. 1.
3
Reference
Ch. 1 — Introduction to the body — Levels of organization
Stem
A medication affects cell membrane ion channels causing
altered osmotic balance in muscle cells. Which level(s) of
organization best describe the pathway from ion channel
change to decreased muscle strength?
Options
A. Cellular → Tissue → Organ → System.
B. Organism only.
C. Molecular → Organism (skipping others).
D. Ecosystem → Organism.
Correct Answer
A
