NURS 232 Exam 4 Questions with Correct Answers| Latest Update Guaranteed Success
T or F: The foramen ovale closes quickly after birth True
What is the ductus arteriosus between? The pulmonary artery and aorta
What transitions occur at birth when referring to fetal blood flow? The lungs handle gas
exchange and the foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus close
Which side of the heart has higher pressure? Left
In utero, why is pulmonary vascular resistance very high? To divert blood from the fetal
lungs
What would cause the ductus arteriosus to not close by day 10-21 after birth? Hypoxia
Why do we listen to HR for a full minute on children? Sinus arrythmias are common
What does right to left shunting result in? cyanosis bc the blood is bypassing the lungs
What does left to right shunting result in? CHF bc blood is circulating in the heart and not
being pumped to the rest of the body
Why do we usually hear murmurs with shunting? High pressure, narrowed valves, and
abnormal anatomy
What is the most common congenital heart defect? ventricular septal defect
,What causes congenital heart defects? Genetic and environmental factors; fetal exposure to
certain drugs, maternal viral infections, maternal metabolic disorders, increased maternal age,
genetic patterns, and chromosomal abnormalities
What are some heart defects that increase pulmonary blood flow? atrial septal defect,
ventricular septal defect, and patent ductus arteriosus
What are some heart defects that decrease pulmonary blood flow? pulmonic stenosis and
tetralogy of fallot
Give an example of a mixed defect transposition of the great arteries
Give an example of a heart defect that causes obstructed systemic blood flow coarctation of
the aorta
What are some common test done to diagnose heart defects? cardiac cath, echo, chest xray,
ekg, cbc
An abnormal connection between two sides of the heart either in the septum of great vessels is
what kind of heart defect? increased pulmonary blood flow
Increasing the amount of blood that flows to the lungs causes what? CHF, increased
pulmonary vascular resistance, pulmonary artery hypertension, and right ventricular
hypertrophy
T of F: The rate a patient gets CHF depends on the size of the heart defect True
Name some clinical manifestations of increased pulmonary blood flow Tachypnea,
Tachycardia, increased metabolic rate, difficulty feeding, poor weight gain, CHF symptoms
, Name some CHF symptoms you will see in children Dyspnea, tachypnea, intercostal
retractions, periorbital edema, frequent respiratory infections
Why are children with increased pulmonary blood flow defects at increased risk for respiratory
infections? There is increased fluid in the lungs
Can atrial septal defects close on their own? yes; small to moderate in size can close on their
own
What are some symptoms of moderate-large ventricular septal defects? CHF symptoms
What are some symptoms of patent ductus arteriosus? dyspnea, tachypnea, widened pulse
pressure, and full bounding pulses
Can patent ductus arteriosus defects close on their own? No; need transcatheter closure
with obstructive device
What is another option to treat PDA in premature infants? Indomethacin
What medication can sometimes be used in PDA? aspirin
What do we need to teach about with defects that cause increased pulmonary blood flow?
S&S of respiratory infections, CHF, immunizations
What is the major concern with defects that cause decreased pulmonary blood flow?
hypoxia
Name some clinical manifestations of decreased pulmonary blood flow cyanosis, hypoxic
spells, poor weight gain, polycythemia, clubbing, exercise intolerance
T or F: The foramen ovale closes quickly after birth True
What is the ductus arteriosus between? The pulmonary artery and aorta
What transitions occur at birth when referring to fetal blood flow? The lungs handle gas
exchange and the foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus close
Which side of the heart has higher pressure? Left
In utero, why is pulmonary vascular resistance very high? To divert blood from the fetal
lungs
What would cause the ductus arteriosus to not close by day 10-21 after birth? Hypoxia
Why do we listen to HR for a full minute on children? Sinus arrythmias are common
What does right to left shunting result in? cyanosis bc the blood is bypassing the lungs
What does left to right shunting result in? CHF bc blood is circulating in the heart and not
being pumped to the rest of the body
Why do we usually hear murmurs with shunting? High pressure, narrowed valves, and
abnormal anatomy
What is the most common congenital heart defect? ventricular septal defect
,What causes congenital heart defects? Genetic and environmental factors; fetal exposure to
certain drugs, maternal viral infections, maternal metabolic disorders, increased maternal age,
genetic patterns, and chromosomal abnormalities
What are some heart defects that increase pulmonary blood flow? atrial septal defect,
ventricular septal defect, and patent ductus arteriosus
What are some heart defects that decrease pulmonary blood flow? pulmonic stenosis and
tetralogy of fallot
Give an example of a mixed defect transposition of the great arteries
Give an example of a heart defect that causes obstructed systemic blood flow coarctation of
the aorta
What are some common test done to diagnose heart defects? cardiac cath, echo, chest xray,
ekg, cbc
An abnormal connection between two sides of the heart either in the septum of great vessels is
what kind of heart defect? increased pulmonary blood flow
Increasing the amount of blood that flows to the lungs causes what? CHF, increased
pulmonary vascular resistance, pulmonary artery hypertension, and right ventricular
hypertrophy
T of F: The rate a patient gets CHF depends on the size of the heart defect True
Name some clinical manifestations of increased pulmonary blood flow Tachypnea,
Tachycardia, increased metabolic rate, difficulty feeding, poor weight gain, CHF symptoms
, Name some CHF symptoms you will see in children Dyspnea, tachypnea, intercostal
retractions, periorbital edema, frequent respiratory infections
Why are children with increased pulmonary blood flow defects at increased risk for respiratory
infections? There is increased fluid in the lungs
Can atrial septal defects close on their own? yes; small to moderate in size can close on their
own
What are some symptoms of moderate-large ventricular septal defects? CHF symptoms
What are some symptoms of patent ductus arteriosus? dyspnea, tachypnea, widened pulse
pressure, and full bounding pulses
Can patent ductus arteriosus defects close on their own? No; need transcatheter closure
with obstructive device
What is another option to treat PDA in premature infants? Indomethacin
What medication can sometimes be used in PDA? aspirin
What do we need to teach about with defects that cause increased pulmonary blood flow?
S&S of respiratory infections, CHF, immunizations
What is the major concern with defects that cause decreased pulmonary blood flow?
hypoxia
Name some clinical manifestations of decreased pulmonary blood flow cyanosis, hypoxic
spells, poor weight gain, polycythemia, clubbing, exercise intolerance
