NURS 5315 UTA EXAM
2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
GRADED A+ 100% VERIFIED
PCP- pneumocystitis jiroveci pneumonia - Correct Answer -fungus
butterfly infiltrates on CXR
CM- worsening dyspnea, fatigue, night sweats, weight loss, poor appetite
Tx- Bactrim
MAC- mycobacterium avium complex - Correct Answer -AFB- leads to systemic
infection, grows slow- thick cell wall hard to penetrate
CM- fever, night sweats, anorexia, weight loss, lymphadenopathy
Tx- clarithromycin and ethambutol for 6-12 months
CMV- cytomegalovirus - Correct Answer -herpes virus
greatest risk for CD4 <50 (ensure eye exams)
CM- fever, myalgia, cervical lymphadenopathy, mild hepatitis, retinal detachment,
vision loss, blindness
Tx- resistant to medications, no prevention
,how is coagulation cascade altered by warfarin - Correct Answer -blocks Proteins S
and C
blocks Vit K enzyme to prevent carboxylation, decreasing amount of functional K
to be used in Vit K dependent coagulation factors
how does low molecular weight heparin affect coagulation cascade - Correct
Answer -inhibits factor Xa and prevents formation of prothrombinase complex and
consequently thrombin
how do direct thrombin inhibitors alter coagulation cascade - Correct Answer -
prevent activation of fibrinogen and XIII
give CM and an example of coagulopathy hemorrhage - Correct Answer -CM- joint
bleeding, tissue hematomas, large spontaneous central ecchymosis, delayed
bleeding after surgery, trauma or injury
DIC
give CM and example of thrombocytopenia hemorrhage - Correct Answer -CM-
mucosal bleeding, epistaxis, GI or GU bleed, oral bleeding, hemoptysis, heavy
menses, immediate bleeding after trauma, possible petechiae
ITP
, what are causes of thrombocytopenia - Correct Answer -post-op hemodilution
(nadir 2-4 days), splenomegaly, HIV, bone marrow failure, hemolysis, multiple
medications
Primary Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura- patho and CM - Correct Answer -
immune mediated destruction of platelets- primary or secondary (caused by
another etiology)
CM- petechiae, purpura, easy bruising, epistaxis, gingival bleeding, menorrhagia
CM vary with age- worse in elderly
Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia- patho and CM - Correct Answer -immune
system destruction of platelets initiated by heparin
Type 1- mild, 2 days post heparin admin, return to normal with continued
administration
Type 2- severe, drug reaction which destroys platelets
risks- female, heparin use > 1 week, post-op thromboprophylaxis
CM0 unexplained drop in platelets 5-10 days post admin (can be up to 2 weeks
post), some will have rapid onset
discuss hemophilia A - Correct Answer -affects 1 in 5-10K males
2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
GRADED A+ 100% VERIFIED
PCP- pneumocystitis jiroveci pneumonia - Correct Answer -fungus
butterfly infiltrates on CXR
CM- worsening dyspnea, fatigue, night sweats, weight loss, poor appetite
Tx- Bactrim
MAC- mycobacterium avium complex - Correct Answer -AFB- leads to systemic
infection, grows slow- thick cell wall hard to penetrate
CM- fever, night sweats, anorexia, weight loss, lymphadenopathy
Tx- clarithromycin and ethambutol for 6-12 months
CMV- cytomegalovirus - Correct Answer -herpes virus
greatest risk for CD4 <50 (ensure eye exams)
CM- fever, myalgia, cervical lymphadenopathy, mild hepatitis, retinal detachment,
vision loss, blindness
Tx- resistant to medications, no prevention
,how is coagulation cascade altered by warfarin - Correct Answer -blocks Proteins S
and C
blocks Vit K enzyme to prevent carboxylation, decreasing amount of functional K
to be used in Vit K dependent coagulation factors
how does low molecular weight heparin affect coagulation cascade - Correct
Answer -inhibits factor Xa and prevents formation of prothrombinase complex and
consequently thrombin
how do direct thrombin inhibitors alter coagulation cascade - Correct Answer -
prevent activation of fibrinogen and XIII
give CM and an example of coagulopathy hemorrhage - Correct Answer -CM- joint
bleeding, tissue hematomas, large spontaneous central ecchymosis, delayed
bleeding after surgery, trauma or injury
DIC
give CM and example of thrombocytopenia hemorrhage - Correct Answer -CM-
mucosal bleeding, epistaxis, GI or GU bleed, oral bleeding, hemoptysis, heavy
menses, immediate bleeding after trauma, possible petechiae
ITP
, what are causes of thrombocytopenia - Correct Answer -post-op hemodilution
(nadir 2-4 days), splenomegaly, HIV, bone marrow failure, hemolysis, multiple
medications
Primary Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura- patho and CM - Correct Answer -
immune mediated destruction of platelets- primary or secondary (caused by
another etiology)
CM- petechiae, purpura, easy bruising, epistaxis, gingival bleeding, menorrhagia
CM vary with age- worse in elderly
Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia- patho and CM - Correct Answer -immune
system destruction of platelets initiated by heparin
Type 1- mild, 2 days post heparin admin, return to normal with continued
administration
Type 2- severe, drug reaction which destroys platelets
risks- female, heparin use > 1 week, post-op thromboprophylaxis
CM0 unexplained drop in platelets 5-10 days post admin (can be up to 2 weeks
post), some will have rapid onset
discuss hemophilia A - Correct Answer -affects 1 in 5-10K males
