Instructor fgManual: fgCarroll/Brown, fgBusiness fg& fgSociety: fgEthics, fgSustainability fg& fgStakeholder fgManagement,
fg11e,
9780357718629; fgChapter fg1: fgThe fgBusiness, fgSociety, fgand fgResponsibility
SOLUTION MANUAL FOR fg f g
Business & Society 11th Edition by Archie B. Carroll, Jill Brown
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
Chapter 1-18 fg
Chapter 1: The Business and Society Relationship
fg fg fg fg fg fg
Table of Contentsfg fg
Purpose and Perspective of the Chapter ................................................................................. 2
fg fg fg fg fg
Cengage Supplements ............................................................................................................. 2
fg
Chapter Objectives................................................................................................................... 2
fg
Complete List of Chapter Activities and Assessments .............................................................. 2
fg fg fg fg fg fg
Key Terms ............................................................................................................................... 3
fg
What's New in This Chapter .................................................................................................... 4
fg fg fg fg
Chapter Outline........................................................................................................................ 4
fg
Discussion Questions ............................................................................................................... 5
fg
Additional Activities and Assignments ....................................................................................... 8
fg fg fg
Appendix .................................................................................................................................. 9
Generic Rubrics ...................................................................................................................................... 9
fg
Standard Writing Rubric......................................................................................................................... 9
fg fg
Standard Discussion Rubric .................................................................................................................. 11
fg fg
© fg2022 fgCengage. fgAll fgRights fgReserved. fgMay fgnot fgbe fgscanned, fgcopied fgor fgduplicated, fgor fgposted fgto fga fgpublicly 1
fgaccessible
website, fgin fgwhole fgor fgin fgpart.
, Instructor fgManual: fgCarroll/Brown, fgBusiness fg& fgSociety: fgEthics, fgSustainability fg& fgStakeholder fgManagement,
fg11e,
9780357718629; fgChapter fg1: fgThe fgBusiness, fgSociety, fgand fgResponsibility
Purpose and Perspective of the Chapter
fg fg fg fg fg
The purpose of this chapter is to introduce some important basic concepts in the business
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
and society discussion, including pluralism, special-interest societies, business criticism,
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
corporate power, corporate social responsibility to stakeholders, and sustainability.
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
Cengage Supplements fg
The following product-level supplements provide additional information that may help you in
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
preparing your course. They are available in the Instructor Resource Center.
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
Instructor’s Manual fg
Transition Guide fg
Test Banks fg
PowerPoint Slides fg
Case Notes fg
Chapter Objectives fg
The following objectives are addressed in this chapter:
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
01.01 Define and explain business and society as foundational concepts. Describe
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
how society is viewed as the macroenvironment.
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
01.02 Explain the characteristics of a pluralistic society. Describe pluralism and identify
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
its attributes, strengths, and weaknesses.
fg fg fg fg fg
01.03 Clarify what is a special-interest society and how it poses special challenges
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
for business.
fg fg
01.04 Identify, discuss, and illustrate the factors leading up to business criticism and
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
corporate response. What is the general criticism of business? How may the
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
balance of power and responsibility be resolved?
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
01.05 Identify what is the changing social contract. Is it better or worse for stakeholders?
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
01.06 Make clear the major themes characterizing this book: managerial approach,
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
business ethics, sustainability, and stakeholder management.
fg fg fg fg fg fg
Complete List of Chapter Activities and Assessments
fg fg fg fg fg fg
For additional guidance, refer to the Teaching Online Guide.
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
Chapter PPT Slide fg Activity/Assessment Duration
Objectiv
fg
e
1.1 2 Icebreaker: Business and You fg fg fg 10 minutes
fg
1.1 7 Discussion: Corporate Ethics fg fg 15 minutes
fg
1.2 20 Discussion: COVID-19 fg 15 minutes
fg
© fg2022 fgCengage. fgAll fgRights fgReserved. fgMay fgnot fgbe fgscanned, fgcopied fgor fgduplicated, fgor fgposted fgto fga fgpublicly 2
fgaccessible
website, fgin fgwhole fgor fgin fgpart.
, Instructor fgManual: fgCarroll/Brown, fgBusiness fg& fgSociety: fgEthics, fgSustainability fg& fgStakeholder fgManagement,
fg11e,
9780357718629; fgChapter fg1: fgThe fgBusiness, fgSociety, fgand fgResponsibility
1.4 23 Discussion: Business Criticism and Rising fg fg fg fg 15 minutes fg
Expectations
fg
1.4 24 Discussion Levels of Power fg fg fg 15 minutes fg
1.4 26 Discussion: Iron Law of Responsibility fg fg fg fg 15 minutes fg
[return to top] fg fg
Key Terms fg
Affluence: the level of wealth, disposable income, and standard of living of the society
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
Business: the collection of private, commercially oriented (profit-oriented)
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
organizations, ranging in size from one-family proprietorships
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
Business ethics: ethical issues that arise in the commercial realm
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
Business power: the capacity or ability to produce an effect, have an impact, or to
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
bring influence to bear on a situation or people
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
Economic environment: the nature and direction of the economy in which business operates
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
Education: the process of receiving or giving systematic instruction, especially at a school or
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
university
fg
Entitlement mentality: the general belief that individuals are owed something (e.g., a job,
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
an education, a living wage, or health care) just because they are a member of society
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
Iron Law of Responsibility: Whenever power and responsibility become substantially
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
out of balance, forces will be generated to bring them into closer balance.
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
Macroenvironment: the total environment outside the firm fg fg fg fg fg fg
Managerial approach: a focus on the three main themes of vital importance to managers,
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
organizations, and society today: business ethics, sustainability, and stakeholder management.
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs): special-interest groups that may be organized on a fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
local, national, or international level
fg fg fg fg fg
Pluralism: a diffusion of power among society’s many groups and organizations
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
Political environment: the processes by which laws get passed and officials get elected and all
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
other aspects of the interaction between firms, political practices, and government
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
Rights movement: a trend and pattern of rising expectations as to how people want to be
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
treated
fg
Rising expectation: a belief or an outlook that each succeeding generation ought to have a
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
standard of living higher than that of its predecessor
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
Social contract: a set of reciprocal understandings and expectations that characterize the
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
relationship between major institutions
fg fg fg fg
Social environment: the demographics, lifestyles, culture, and social values of the society
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
Social problem: a gap between society’s expectations of social conditions and the current
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
social realities
fg fg
© fg2022 fgCengage. fgAll fgRights fgReserved. fgMay fgnot fgbe fgscanned, fgcopied fgor fgduplicated, fgor fgposted fgto fga fgpublicly 3
fgaccessible
website, fgin fgwhole fgor fgin fgpart.
, Instructor fgManual: fgCarroll/Brown, fgBusiness fg& fgSociety: fgEthics, fgSustainability fg& fgStakeholder fgManagement,
fg11e,
9780357718629; fgChapter fg1: fgThe fgBusiness, fgSociety, fgand fgResponsibility
Society: community, a nation, or a broad grouping of people with common traditions, values,
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
institutions, and collective activities and interests
fg fg fg fg fg fg
Special-interest society: a society characterized by tens of thousands of special interest
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
groups, each pursuing its own specific agenda
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
Stakeholder management: the management of integral constituents in the business and
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
society relationship
fg fg
Stakeholders: individuals or groups with which business interacts who have a ―stake,‖ or
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
vested interest, in the firm
fg fg fg fg fg
Sustainability: business’s ability to survive and thrive over the long term
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
Sustainable development: a pattern of resource use that aims to meet current human
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
needs while preserving the environment so that these needs can be met not only in the
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
present but also for future generations
fg fg fg fg fg fg
Technological environment: the total set of technology-based advancements taking place in
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
society and the world
fg fg fg fg
[return to top] fg fg
What's New in This Chapter fg fg fg fg
The following elements are improvements in this chapter from the previous edition:
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
The key terms have been updated.
fg fg fg fg fg
The endnotes have been updated.
fg fg fg fg
The topic Business and society relationship (A-head) is updated.
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
The box spotlight on sustainability has been updated.
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
Figure 1-2 from the previous edition has been renamed as Figure 1-1.
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
Figure 1-3 from the previous edition has been renamed as Figures 1-2.
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
Figure 1-4 from the previous edition has been renamed as Figure 1-3.
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
Image 1-2 is revised. fg fg fg
The heading ―Awareness through television, movies, the internet, and social media‖
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
has been renamed to ―Awareness through various media‖.
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
The heading ―24/7 News and investigative program‖ has been renamed to
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
―24/7 Television programming‖.
fg fg fg
The heading ―Revolution of rising expectations‖ is renamed to ―Rising expectations‖.
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
Figure 1-3: The data is revised. fg fg fg fg fg
The titles of ―Ethics in Practice Case‖ have been updated.
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
Title of figure 1-4 is renamed.
fg fg fg fg fg
[return to top] fg fg
Chapter Outline fg
In the outline below, each element includes references (in parentheses) to related content.
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
“CH.##” refers to the chapter objective; “PPT Slide #” refers to the slide number in the
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
PowerPoint deck for this chapter (provided in the PowerPoints section of the Instructor
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
Resource Center); and, as applicable for each discipline, accreditation or certification
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
standards (“BL 1.3.3”). Introduce the chapter and use the Ice Breaker in the PPT if
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
desired, and if one is provided for this chapter. Review learning objectives for Chapter 1.
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
(PPT Slides 1–3).
fg fg fg
© fg2022 fgCengage. fgAll fgRights fgReserved. fgMay fgnot fgbe fgscanned, fgcopied fgor fgduplicated, fgor fgposted fgto fga fgpublicly 4
fgaccessible
website, fgin fgwhole fgor fgin fgpart.
fg11e,
9780357718629; fgChapter fg1: fgThe fgBusiness, fgSociety, fgand fgResponsibility
SOLUTION MANUAL FOR fg f g
Business & Society 11th Edition by Archie B. Carroll, Jill Brown
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
Chapter 1-18 fg
Chapter 1: The Business and Society Relationship
fg fg fg fg fg fg
Table of Contentsfg fg
Purpose and Perspective of the Chapter ................................................................................. 2
fg fg fg fg fg
Cengage Supplements ............................................................................................................. 2
fg
Chapter Objectives................................................................................................................... 2
fg
Complete List of Chapter Activities and Assessments .............................................................. 2
fg fg fg fg fg fg
Key Terms ............................................................................................................................... 3
fg
What's New in This Chapter .................................................................................................... 4
fg fg fg fg
Chapter Outline........................................................................................................................ 4
fg
Discussion Questions ............................................................................................................... 5
fg
Additional Activities and Assignments ....................................................................................... 8
fg fg fg
Appendix .................................................................................................................................. 9
Generic Rubrics ...................................................................................................................................... 9
fg
Standard Writing Rubric......................................................................................................................... 9
fg fg
Standard Discussion Rubric .................................................................................................................. 11
fg fg
© fg2022 fgCengage. fgAll fgRights fgReserved. fgMay fgnot fgbe fgscanned, fgcopied fgor fgduplicated, fgor fgposted fgto fga fgpublicly 1
fgaccessible
website, fgin fgwhole fgor fgin fgpart.
, Instructor fgManual: fgCarroll/Brown, fgBusiness fg& fgSociety: fgEthics, fgSustainability fg& fgStakeholder fgManagement,
fg11e,
9780357718629; fgChapter fg1: fgThe fgBusiness, fgSociety, fgand fgResponsibility
Purpose and Perspective of the Chapter
fg fg fg fg fg
The purpose of this chapter is to introduce some important basic concepts in the business
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
and society discussion, including pluralism, special-interest societies, business criticism,
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
corporate power, corporate social responsibility to stakeholders, and sustainability.
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
Cengage Supplements fg
The following product-level supplements provide additional information that may help you in
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
preparing your course. They are available in the Instructor Resource Center.
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
Instructor’s Manual fg
Transition Guide fg
Test Banks fg
PowerPoint Slides fg
Case Notes fg
Chapter Objectives fg
The following objectives are addressed in this chapter:
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
01.01 Define and explain business and society as foundational concepts. Describe
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
how society is viewed as the macroenvironment.
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
01.02 Explain the characteristics of a pluralistic society. Describe pluralism and identify
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
its attributes, strengths, and weaknesses.
fg fg fg fg fg
01.03 Clarify what is a special-interest society and how it poses special challenges
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
for business.
fg fg
01.04 Identify, discuss, and illustrate the factors leading up to business criticism and
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
corporate response. What is the general criticism of business? How may the
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
balance of power and responsibility be resolved?
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
01.05 Identify what is the changing social contract. Is it better or worse for stakeholders?
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
01.06 Make clear the major themes characterizing this book: managerial approach,
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
business ethics, sustainability, and stakeholder management.
fg fg fg fg fg fg
Complete List of Chapter Activities and Assessments
fg fg fg fg fg fg
For additional guidance, refer to the Teaching Online Guide.
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
Chapter PPT Slide fg Activity/Assessment Duration
Objectiv
fg
e
1.1 2 Icebreaker: Business and You fg fg fg 10 minutes
fg
1.1 7 Discussion: Corporate Ethics fg fg 15 minutes
fg
1.2 20 Discussion: COVID-19 fg 15 minutes
fg
© fg2022 fgCengage. fgAll fgRights fgReserved. fgMay fgnot fgbe fgscanned, fgcopied fgor fgduplicated, fgor fgposted fgto fga fgpublicly 2
fgaccessible
website, fgin fgwhole fgor fgin fgpart.
, Instructor fgManual: fgCarroll/Brown, fgBusiness fg& fgSociety: fgEthics, fgSustainability fg& fgStakeholder fgManagement,
fg11e,
9780357718629; fgChapter fg1: fgThe fgBusiness, fgSociety, fgand fgResponsibility
1.4 23 Discussion: Business Criticism and Rising fg fg fg fg 15 minutes fg
Expectations
fg
1.4 24 Discussion Levels of Power fg fg fg 15 minutes fg
1.4 26 Discussion: Iron Law of Responsibility fg fg fg fg 15 minutes fg
[return to top] fg fg
Key Terms fg
Affluence: the level of wealth, disposable income, and standard of living of the society
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
Business: the collection of private, commercially oriented (profit-oriented)
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
organizations, ranging in size from one-family proprietorships
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
Business ethics: ethical issues that arise in the commercial realm
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
Business power: the capacity or ability to produce an effect, have an impact, or to
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
bring influence to bear on a situation or people
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
Economic environment: the nature and direction of the economy in which business operates
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
Education: the process of receiving or giving systematic instruction, especially at a school or
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
university
fg
Entitlement mentality: the general belief that individuals are owed something (e.g., a job,
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
an education, a living wage, or health care) just because they are a member of society
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
Iron Law of Responsibility: Whenever power and responsibility become substantially
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
out of balance, forces will be generated to bring them into closer balance.
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
Macroenvironment: the total environment outside the firm fg fg fg fg fg fg
Managerial approach: a focus on the three main themes of vital importance to managers,
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
organizations, and society today: business ethics, sustainability, and stakeholder management.
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs): special-interest groups that may be organized on a fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
local, national, or international level
fg fg fg fg fg
Pluralism: a diffusion of power among society’s many groups and organizations
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
Political environment: the processes by which laws get passed and officials get elected and all
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
other aspects of the interaction between firms, political practices, and government
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
Rights movement: a trend and pattern of rising expectations as to how people want to be
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
treated
fg
Rising expectation: a belief or an outlook that each succeeding generation ought to have a
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
standard of living higher than that of its predecessor
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
Social contract: a set of reciprocal understandings and expectations that characterize the
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
relationship between major institutions
fg fg fg fg
Social environment: the demographics, lifestyles, culture, and social values of the society
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
Social problem: a gap between society’s expectations of social conditions and the current
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
social realities
fg fg
© fg2022 fgCengage. fgAll fgRights fgReserved. fgMay fgnot fgbe fgscanned, fgcopied fgor fgduplicated, fgor fgposted fgto fga fgpublicly 3
fgaccessible
website, fgin fgwhole fgor fgin fgpart.
, Instructor fgManual: fgCarroll/Brown, fgBusiness fg& fgSociety: fgEthics, fgSustainability fg& fgStakeholder fgManagement,
fg11e,
9780357718629; fgChapter fg1: fgThe fgBusiness, fgSociety, fgand fgResponsibility
Society: community, a nation, or a broad grouping of people with common traditions, values,
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
institutions, and collective activities and interests
fg fg fg fg fg fg
Special-interest society: a society characterized by tens of thousands of special interest
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
groups, each pursuing its own specific agenda
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
Stakeholder management: the management of integral constituents in the business and
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
society relationship
fg fg
Stakeholders: individuals or groups with which business interacts who have a ―stake,‖ or
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
vested interest, in the firm
fg fg fg fg fg
Sustainability: business’s ability to survive and thrive over the long term
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
Sustainable development: a pattern of resource use that aims to meet current human
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
needs while preserving the environment so that these needs can be met not only in the
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
present but also for future generations
fg fg fg fg fg fg
Technological environment: the total set of technology-based advancements taking place in
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
society and the world
fg fg fg fg
[return to top] fg fg
What's New in This Chapter fg fg fg fg
The following elements are improvements in this chapter from the previous edition:
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
The key terms have been updated.
fg fg fg fg fg
The endnotes have been updated.
fg fg fg fg
The topic Business and society relationship (A-head) is updated.
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
The box spotlight on sustainability has been updated.
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
Figure 1-2 from the previous edition has been renamed as Figure 1-1.
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
Figure 1-3 from the previous edition has been renamed as Figures 1-2.
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
Figure 1-4 from the previous edition has been renamed as Figure 1-3.
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
Image 1-2 is revised. fg fg fg
The heading ―Awareness through television, movies, the internet, and social media‖
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
has been renamed to ―Awareness through various media‖.
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
The heading ―24/7 News and investigative program‖ has been renamed to
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
―24/7 Television programming‖.
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The heading ―Revolution of rising expectations‖ is renamed to ―Rising expectations‖.
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Figure 1-3: The data is revised. fg fg fg fg fg
The titles of ―Ethics in Practice Case‖ have been updated.
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Title of figure 1-4 is renamed.
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[return to top] fg fg
Chapter Outline fg
In the outline below, each element includes references (in parentheses) to related content.
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“CH.##” refers to the chapter objective; “PPT Slide #” refers to the slide number in the
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PowerPoint deck for this chapter (provided in the PowerPoints section of the Instructor
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Resource Center); and, as applicable for each discipline, accreditation or certification
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standards (“BL 1.3.3”). Introduce the chapter and use the Ice Breaker in the PPT if
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desired, and if one is provided for this chapter. Review learning objectives for Chapter 1.
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(PPT Slides 1–3).
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© fg2022 fgCengage. fgAll fgRights fgReserved. fgMay fgnot fgbe fgscanned, fgcopied fgor fgduplicated, fgor fgposted fgto fga fgpublicly 4
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website, fgin fgwhole fgor fgin fgpart.
