NUR280 REVIEW FILE 2026 TESTED QUESTIONS
◉ Glycoproteins. Answer: On top of plasma membrane.
Surface makers
Antigen
◉ sodium-potassium pump. Answer: Within the wall of the plasma
membrane
Pushes sodium and potassium in and out of cell.
Need to have energy for pump to work.
Pump working= Sodium ions in higher concentrations outside
Pump working=Potassium ions higher concentrations inside the cell
Switch when the pump isn't working
◉ Sodium potassium pump broken..... Answer: Does not allow for
contraction of muscles which can cause heart attack.
◉ Sodium ions when pump working. Answer: Sodium ions higher
concentration outside of cell
, ◉ Potassium ions when pump is working. Answer: Potassium ions
higher concentration inside the cell
◉ Mitochondria. Answer: Cells energy producer
Aerobic metabolism requires oxygen
Cellular hypoxia= anaerobic metabolism (glycolysis)
Unique distinctive DNA
Subject to damage by free radicals
If not enough oxygen then mitochondria will not make enough
energy and will stop working.
◉ Rough Endoplasmic reticulum. Answer: Network of tubules which
acts as a transport system
Plays a big role in cancer, obesity, and diabetes
◉ Ribosomes. Answer: Makes proteins
Hypoxia causes decreased protein synthesis
Ribosomes make RNA, not DNA
Can cause thyroid issues with a lack of proteins
Translation occurs in the ribosomes and reproduces the DNA.
◉ Nucleus. Answer: Control center of the cell
◉ Glycoproteins. Answer: On top of plasma membrane.
Surface makers
Antigen
◉ sodium-potassium pump. Answer: Within the wall of the plasma
membrane
Pushes sodium and potassium in and out of cell.
Need to have energy for pump to work.
Pump working= Sodium ions in higher concentrations outside
Pump working=Potassium ions higher concentrations inside the cell
Switch when the pump isn't working
◉ Sodium potassium pump broken..... Answer: Does not allow for
contraction of muscles which can cause heart attack.
◉ Sodium ions when pump working. Answer: Sodium ions higher
concentration outside of cell
, ◉ Potassium ions when pump is working. Answer: Potassium ions
higher concentration inside the cell
◉ Mitochondria. Answer: Cells energy producer
Aerobic metabolism requires oxygen
Cellular hypoxia= anaerobic metabolism (glycolysis)
Unique distinctive DNA
Subject to damage by free radicals
If not enough oxygen then mitochondria will not make enough
energy and will stop working.
◉ Rough Endoplasmic reticulum. Answer: Network of tubules which
acts as a transport system
Plays a big role in cancer, obesity, and diabetes
◉ Ribosomes. Answer: Makes proteins
Hypoxia causes decreased protein synthesis
Ribosomes make RNA, not DNA
Can cause thyroid issues with a lack of proteins
Translation occurs in the ribosomes and reproduces the DNA.
◉ Nucleus. Answer: Control center of the cell
