CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS 4TH EDITION
BY LISA A. URRY EXAM 2026 FULL TEST PAPER
QUESTIONS AND DETAILED ANSWER
SOLUTIONS
◉ calorie. Answer: The amount of heat energy required to raise the
temperature of 1g of water by 1C; also the amount of heat energy
that 1 g of water releases when it cools by 1C.
◉ kilocalorie. Answer: A thousand calories; the amount of heat
energy required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1C.
◉ joule. Answer: A unit of energy equal to 0.239 calories.
◉ specific heat. Answer: The amount of heat that must be absorbed
or lost for 1 g of a substance to change its temperature by 1C.
◉ evaporation. Answer: Transformation from a liquid to a gas.
◉ heat of vaporization. Answer: The quantity of heat a liquid must
absorb for 1g of it to be converted from the liquid to the gaseous
state.
,◉ evaporative cooling. Answer: The process in which the surface of
an object becomes cooler during evaporation, a result of the
molecules with the greatest kinetic energy changing from the liquid
to the gaseous state.
◉ solution. Answer: A liquid that is a homogenous mixture of two or
more substances.
◉ solvent. Answer: The dissolving agent of a solution. Water is the
most versatile one.
◉ solute. Answer: A substance that is dissolved in a solution.
◉ aqueous solution. Answer: A solution in which water is the
solvent.
◉ hydration shell. Answer: The sphere of water molecules around a
dissolved ion.
◉ hydrophilic. Answer: Having an affinity for water.
◉ hydrophobic. Answer: Having no affinity for water; tending to
coalesce and form droplets in water.
, ◉ molecular mass. Answer: The sum of the masses of all the atoms
in a molecule; sometimes called molecular weight.
◉ mole. Answer: The number of grams of a substance that equals its
molecular weight in daltons and contains Avogadro's number of
molecules.
◉ molarity. Answer: A common measure of solute concentration,
referring to the number of moles of solute per liter of solution.
◉ hydrogen ion. Answer: A single proton with a charge of 1+. The
dissociation of water leads to its generation, along with a hydroxide
ion (OH-).
◉ hydroxide ion. Answer: A water molecule that has lost a proton
OH-
◉ hydronium ion. Answer: A water molecule that has an extra
proton bound to it; H3O+, commonly represented as H+.
◉ acid. Answer: A substance that increases the hydrogen ion
concentration of a solution.
BY LISA A. URRY EXAM 2026 FULL TEST PAPER
QUESTIONS AND DETAILED ANSWER
SOLUTIONS
◉ calorie. Answer: The amount of heat energy required to raise the
temperature of 1g of water by 1C; also the amount of heat energy
that 1 g of water releases when it cools by 1C.
◉ kilocalorie. Answer: A thousand calories; the amount of heat
energy required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1C.
◉ joule. Answer: A unit of energy equal to 0.239 calories.
◉ specific heat. Answer: The amount of heat that must be absorbed
or lost for 1 g of a substance to change its temperature by 1C.
◉ evaporation. Answer: Transformation from a liquid to a gas.
◉ heat of vaporization. Answer: The quantity of heat a liquid must
absorb for 1g of it to be converted from the liquid to the gaseous
state.
,◉ evaporative cooling. Answer: The process in which the surface of
an object becomes cooler during evaporation, a result of the
molecules with the greatest kinetic energy changing from the liquid
to the gaseous state.
◉ solution. Answer: A liquid that is a homogenous mixture of two or
more substances.
◉ solvent. Answer: The dissolving agent of a solution. Water is the
most versatile one.
◉ solute. Answer: A substance that is dissolved in a solution.
◉ aqueous solution. Answer: A solution in which water is the
solvent.
◉ hydration shell. Answer: The sphere of water molecules around a
dissolved ion.
◉ hydrophilic. Answer: Having an affinity for water.
◉ hydrophobic. Answer: Having no affinity for water; tending to
coalesce and form droplets in water.
, ◉ molecular mass. Answer: The sum of the masses of all the atoms
in a molecule; sometimes called molecular weight.
◉ mole. Answer: The number of grams of a substance that equals its
molecular weight in daltons and contains Avogadro's number of
molecules.
◉ molarity. Answer: A common measure of solute concentration,
referring to the number of moles of solute per liter of solution.
◉ hydrogen ion. Answer: A single proton with a charge of 1+. The
dissociation of water leads to its generation, along with a hydroxide
ion (OH-).
◉ hydroxide ion. Answer: A water molecule that has lost a proton
OH-
◉ hydronium ion. Answer: A water molecule that has an extra
proton bound to it; H3O+, commonly represented as H+.
◉ acid. Answer: A substance that increases the hydrogen ion
concentration of a solution.
