Mod 10-14 Patho Final 2026 Exam
Questions with 100% Correct Answers |
Latest Update
Primary disorder: - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔dysfunction caused by the endocrine
gland itself.
Example: hypothyroidism due to autoimmune destruction of the thyroid
gland itself is primary hypothyroidism.
Secondary disorder - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔dysfunction caused by abnormal
pituitary activity.
Example: hypothyroidism occurring because of lack of secretion of TSH by
the pituitary gland is secondary hypothyroidism.
,Tertiary disorder - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔dysfunction caused by a hypothalamic
origin.
Example: hypothyroidism occurring because of lack of secretion of a
releasing factor by the hypothalamus is tertiary hypothyroidism.
Hypothyroidism patho - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔NOT ENOUGH ENERGY
• Primary- thyroid gland itself is not secreting T3 and T4
• Secondary - pituitary not secreting sufficient TSH causes low T3 and T4
Hypothyroidism etiology - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔several syndromes, genetic
mutations, and medications can cause hypothyroidism.
Hashimoto's disease, not enough iodine, affects women more than men
hypothyroidism Clinical manifestations - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔no energy
fatigue
no expressions
weight gain
cold
amenorrhea (absence of menstruation)
,slurred speech
dry skin
coarse hair
Decreased: HR, GI function (constipation), BG (hypoglycemia)
Hyperthyroidism patho - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔TOO MUCH ENERGY
• Extensive secretion of T3 and T4
• Graves' disease
Hyperthyroidism Etiology - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔• Graves' disease
too much iodine (helps make T3 & T4)
medication
Hyperthyroidism S/S - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔hyper-excitabile
nervous/tremors
irriable
low attention span
increased appetite
weight loss
COPYRIGHT©PROFFKERRYMARTIN 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE.
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, hair loss
goiter (enlarged thyroid
hot
exophthalmos (bulging eye due to fluid accumulation)
increased: BP, pulse, GI function
Parathyroid ranges - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Hyperparathroid: over 10.5
Hypoparathyroid: less than 9.0
Parathyroid and calcium - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Parathyroid high = calcium high
Parathyroid low = calcium low
Calcium increase in blood by 3 ways - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔R - Renals
Reabsorb (Ca+ from urine)
I - Intestinal (GI) absorption (help of Vitamin D) B - Bone (into the blood)
Hypercalcemia S&S - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔1. Stones: kidneys stone
2. Moans: Fractures bones
3. Groans: Constipation
Questions with 100% Correct Answers |
Latest Update
Primary disorder: - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔dysfunction caused by the endocrine
gland itself.
Example: hypothyroidism due to autoimmune destruction of the thyroid
gland itself is primary hypothyroidism.
Secondary disorder - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔dysfunction caused by abnormal
pituitary activity.
Example: hypothyroidism occurring because of lack of secretion of TSH by
the pituitary gland is secondary hypothyroidism.
,Tertiary disorder - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔dysfunction caused by a hypothalamic
origin.
Example: hypothyroidism occurring because of lack of secretion of a
releasing factor by the hypothalamus is tertiary hypothyroidism.
Hypothyroidism patho - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔NOT ENOUGH ENERGY
• Primary- thyroid gland itself is not secreting T3 and T4
• Secondary - pituitary not secreting sufficient TSH causes low T3 and T4
Hypothyroidism etiology - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔several syndromes, genetic
mutations, and medications can cause hypothyroidism.
Hashimoto's disease, not enough iodine, affects women more than men
hypothyroidism Clinical manifestations - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔no energy
fatigue
no expressions
weight gain
cold
amenorrhea (absence of menstruation)
,slurred speech
dry skin
coarse hair
Decreased: HR, GI function (constipation), BG (hypoglycemia)
Hyperthyroidism patho - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔TOO MUCH ENERGY
• Extensive secretion of T3 and T4
• Graves' disease
Hyperthyroidism Etiology - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔• Graves' disease
too much iodine (helps make T3 & T4)
medication
Hyperthyroidism S/S - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔hyper-excitabile
nervous/tremors
irriable
low attention span
increased appetite
weight loss
COPYRIGHT©PROFFKERRYMARTIN 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE.
PRIVACY STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, hair loss
goiter (enlarged thyroid
hot
exophthalmos (bulging eye due to fluid accumulation)
increased: BP, pulse, GI function
Parathyroid ranges - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Hyperparathroid: over 10.5
Hypoparathyroid: less than 9.0
Parathyroid and calcium - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Parathyroid high = calcium high
Parathyroid low = calcium low
Calcium increase in blood by 3 ways - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔R - Renals
Reabsorb (Ca+ from urine)
I - Intestinal (GI) absorption (help of Vitamin D) B - Bone (into the blood)
Hypercalcemia S&S - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔1. Stones: kidneys stone
2. Moans: Fractures bones
3. Groans: Constipation
