Mod 1-3 Patho Final 2026 Expert Verified
| Ace the Test
Immunodeficiency:
2 types: - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Primary = present from birth
Secondary = immunizations (acquired)
Immunocompetence - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔your immune system is confident* —
> has built up antibodies to fight infection
Immunosuppression - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔immune system not working —>
more susceptible to infection
,Opportunistic infection - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔infection that hops on the
opportunity of an already infected host.
Hospital-acquired infection - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔acquired while in the hospital
Type 1 hypersensitivity - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Immediate reaction (IgE)
ex.) allergic reaction/atopic reaction —> peanuts —> anaphylaxis
• Happens fast:
◦ Urticaria
◦ Rash
◦ Wheezing
Type 2 hypersensitivity* - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Cytotoxic —> antibody immune
reaction
• IgM & IgG
ex) cell damage
Ex.) blood transfusion
Type 3 hypersensitivity - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Immune complex reaction (in
blood)
, • Autoimmune disorders
◦ Hashimoto
◦ RA
◦ Lupus
Type 4 hypersensitivity - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Delayed type hypersensitivity
reactions.
T-cell and Macrophage mediated.
Ex: Tuberculosis, transplant rejection
Explain pathophysiologic changes in white blood cells w/ infection - 🧠
ANSWER ✔✔• Focus on WBC = normal range 4500-10000
◦ >10000 = infection
Leukemoid reaction can raise WBC = 50,000
Elevated IgM = recent or current infection
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔timed test that
measures the rate at which red blood cells settle through a volume of
plasma (RBC synthesis)
-influenced by fibrinogen
COPYRIGHT©PROFFKERRYMARTIN 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE.
PRIVACY STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
| Ace the Test
Immunodeficiency:
2 types: - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Primary = present from birth
Secondary = immunizations (acquired)
Immunocompetence - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔your immune system is confident* —
> has built up antibodies to fight infection
Immunosuppression - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔immune system not working —>
more susceptible to infection
,Opportunistic infection - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔infection that hops on the
opportunity of an already infected host.
Hospital-acquired infection - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔acquired while in the hospital
Type 1 hypersensitivity - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Immediate reaction (IgE)
ex.) allergic reaction/atopic reaction —> peanuts —> anaphylaxis
• Happens fast:
◦ Urticaria
◦ Rash
◦ Wheezing
Type 2 hypersensitivity* - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Cytotoxic —> antibody immune
reaction
• IgM & IgG
ex) cell damage
Ex.) blood transfusion
Type 3 hypersensitivity - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Immune complex reaction (in
blood)
, • Autoimmune disorders
◦ Hashimoto
◦ RA
◦ Lupus
Type 4 hypersensitivity - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Delayed type hypersensitivity
reactions.
T-cell and Macrophage mediated.
Ex: Tuberculosis, transplant rejection
Explain pathophysiologic changes in white blood cells w/ infection - 🧠
ANSWER ✔✔• Focus on WBC = normal range 4500-10000
◦ >10000 = infection
Leukemoid reaction can raise WBC = 50,000
Elevated IgM = recent or current infection
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔timed test that
measures the rate at which red blood cells settle through a volume of
plasma (RBC synthesis)
-influenced by fibrinogen
COPYRIGHT©PROFFKERRYMARTIN 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE.
PRIVACY STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
