EPIDEMIOLOGY LATEST 2026 EXAMS QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS MARKED A+
✔✔Indicate the level of prevention that is represented.
Primary Prevention Passive
A-Half-way houses for persons recovering from addiction
B-Screening for breast cancer
C- Pasteurization of Milk
D- Nutritional counseling for pregnant women - ✔✔C- Pasteurization of milk
✔✔Indicate the level of prevention that is represented:
Secondary Prevention
A-Half-way houses for persons recovering from addiction
B-Screening for breast cancer
C- Pasteurization of Milk
D- Nutritional counseling for pregnant women - ✔✔B- Screening for breast cancer
✔✔Indicate the level of prevention that is represented:
Tertiary Prevention
A-Half-way houses for persons recovering from addiction
B-Screening for breast cancer
C- Pasteurization of Milk
D- Nutritional counseling for pregnant women - ✔✔A- Half-way houses for persons
recovering form addiction
✔✔What factors should be considered in measuring long-term changes in disease
frequency over time?
A-changes in diagnostic criteria
B-Changes in the age distribution
C- Changes in fatal course of the condition
D- All of the above - ✔✔D- All of the above
✔✔According to the natural history of disease model, the time before the precursors of
disease and the host interact is called the period of:
A-Prepathogenesis
B-Pathogenesis
C-Primogenesis
D- B & C - ✔✔A- Prepathogenesis
✔✔Choose the incorrect answer. The Gini index:
A- Is a measure of inequality
B- Is related to the number of unhealthy days in the US states
, C- Varies across states in the US
D- Ranges from 1 to 2
E-Represents complete income inequality when it is 1. - ✔✔D- Ranges from 1 to 2.
✔✔Increases in lung cancer mortality, especially among women, illustrate which of the
following trends in disease occurrence?
A- A residual disorder
B-A new epidemic disorder
C- A persistent disorder
D- A disappearing disorder - ✔✔B-A new epidemic disorder
✔✔There has been an increase in the number of epidemiologic studies reported in
medical journals because:
A-They interest the public and physicians concerned with preventative medicine
B-Infectious diseases are predominant in American society.
C- It is relatively easy to investigate risk factors through experiments
D- All of the above - ✔✔A- They interest the public and physicians concerned with
preventative medicine.
✔✔Which form of prevention takes place after the precursors of disease interact with
the host?
A- Tertiary
B-Secondary
C-Primary
D-Both A&B - ✔✔D- Both A and B
✔✔Beach city has a rising population of 600,000 robust, fertile males and 500,000
robust fertile females. If there were 3,000 live births, 3 fetal deaths, and 50 maternal
deaths, what is the crude birth rate?
A- 3,000/500,000 x1000
B-3,000/600,000 x1000
C-3,003/1,100,000 x1000
D- 3,000/1,100,000 x1000
E-3,997/1,100,000 x1000 - ✔✔D-3,000/1,100,000 x1000
✔✔The major disadvantage of crude rates is that:
A-They may not allow for comparison of populations that differ in size.
B-There are difficult to calculate from available data sources.
C-They do not permit comparison of populations that vary in composition.
Di-All of the above - ✔✔C- They do not permit comparison of population that vary in
composition.
✔✔Which of the following terms is expressed as a proportion (as distinguished from a
ratio)?
ANSWERS MARKED A+
✔✔Indicate the level of prevention that is represented.
Primary Prevention Passive
A-Half-way houses for persons recovering from addiction
B-Screening for breast cancer
C- Pasteurization of Milk
D- Nutritional counseling for pregnant women - ✔✔C- Pasteurization of milk
✔✔Indicate the level of prevention that is represented:
Secondary Prevention
A-Half-way houses for persons recovering from addiction
B-Screening for breast cancer
C- Pasteurization of Milk
D- Nutritional counseling for pregnant women - ✔✔B- Screening for breast cancer
✔✔Indicate the level of prevention that is represented:
Tertiary Prevention
A-Half-way houses for persons recovering from addiction
B-Screening for breast cancer
C- Pasteurization of Milk
D- Nutritional counseling for pregnant women - ✔✔A- Half-way houses for persons
recovering form addiction
✔✔What factors should be considered in measuring long-term changes in disease
frequency over time?
A-changes in diagnostic criteria
B-Changes in the age distribution
C- Changes in fatal course of the condition
D- All of the above - ✔✔D- All of the above
✔✔According to the natural history of disease model, the time before the precursors of
disease and the host interact is called the period of:
A-Prepathogenesis
B-Pathogenesis
C-Primogenesis
D- B & C - ✔✔A- Prepathogenesis
✔✔Choose the incorrect answer. The Gini index:
A- Is a measure of inequality
B- Is related to the number of unhealthy days in the US states
, C- Varies across states in the US
D- Ranges from 1 to 2
E-Represents complete income inequality when it is 1. - ✔✔D- Ranges from 1 to 2.
✔✔Increases in lung cancer mortality, especially among women, illustrate which of the
following trends in disease occurrence?
A- A residual disorder
B-A new epidemic disorder
C- A persistent disorder
D- A disappearing disorder - ✔✔B-A new epidemic disorder
✔✔There has been an increase in the number of epidemiologic studies reported in
medical journals because:
A-They interest the public and physicians concerned with preventative medicine
B-Infectious diseases are predominant in American society.
C- It is relatively easy to investigate risk factors through experiments
D- All of the above - ✔✔A- They interest the public and physicians concerned with
preventative medicine.
✔✔Which form of prevention takes place after the precursors of disease interact with
the host?
A- Tertiary
B-Secondary
C-Primary
D-Both A&B - ✔✔D- Both A and B
✔✔Beach city has a rising population of 600,000 robust, fertile males and 500,000
robust fertile females. If there were 3,000 live births, 3 fetal deaths, and 50 maternal
deaths, what is the crude birth rate?
A- 3,000/500,000 x1000
B-3,000/600,000 x1000
C-3,003/1,100,000 x1000
D- 3,000/1,100,000 x1000
E-3,997/1,100,000 x1000 - ✔✔D-3,000/1,100,000 x1000
✔✔The major disadvantage of crude rates is that:
A-They may not allow for comparison of populations that differ in size.
B-There are difficult to calculate from available data sources.
C-They do not permit comparison of populations that vary in composition.
Di-All of the above - ✔✔C- They do not permit comparison of population that vary in
composition.
✔✔Which of the following terms is expressed as a proportion (as distinguished from a
ratio)?
