BIO 182 EXAM 2 STHULTZ QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2026 UPDATES

BIO 182 EXAM 2 STHULTZ QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
2026 UPDATES

WhatBisBsystematics?B-BCORRECTBANSWER-
StudyBofBbiologicalBdiversityBandBtheBevolutionaryBrelationshipsBamongBorganisms,BbothBextinctBa
ndBmodern

WhatBisBTaxonomy?B-BCORRECTBANSWER-
ScienceBofBdescribing,Bnaming,BandBclassifyingBlivingBandBextinctBorganismsBandBviruses

WhatBareBtheB8BcategoriesBofBtaxonomicBhierarchyB(inBorderBfromBspeciesBupwardBtoBbroaderBclas
sifications)?B-BCORRECTBANSWER-
Species,BGenus,BFamily,BOrder,BClass,BPhylum,BKingdom,BDomain

WhoBisBtheBscientistBthatBproposedBtheBcurrentBtwo-partBnamingBsystemBforBeachBspecies?B-
BCORRECTBANSWER-CarolusBLinnaeus



WhatBareBtheBtwoBpartsBofBanyBLatinizedBbinomialBname?B-BCORRECTBANSWER-GenusBspecies

WhatBisBaBphylogeneticBtreeBandBwhatBisBitBusedBforB(orBwhatBisBphylogeny)?B-BCORRECTBANSWER--
evolutionaryBhistoryBofBaBspeciesBorBgroupBofBspecies

-ToBproposeBaBphylogeny,BbiologistsBuseBtheBtoolsBofBsystematics

WhatBareBtheBtwoBwaysBaBnewBspeciesBcanBbeBformed?B-BCORRECTBANSWER--AnagenesisB-
BsingleBspeciesBevolvesBintoBaBdifferentBspecies



-CladogenesisB-BaBspeciesBdivergesBintoBtwoBorBmoreBspecies

WhatBisBHomology?B-BCORRECTBANSWER-
SimilaritiesBamongBvariousBspeciesBthatBoccurBbecauseBtheyBareBderivedBfromBaBcommonBancesto
r

WhatBdoesBcladisticsBcompare?B-BCORRECTBANSWER-
StudyBandBclassificationBofBspeciesBbasedBonBevolutionaryBrelationships

-
consideringBtheBvariousBpossibleBpathwaysBofBchangesBandBthenBchoosingBtheBtreeBthatBrequiresBt
heBleastBcomplexBexplanation

WhatBisBtheBdifferenceBbetweenBaBprimitiveBcharacterBandBaBderivedBcharacter?B-
BCORRECTBANSWER--

, Primitive:BSharedBbyBtwoBorBmoreBdifferentBtaxaBandBinheritedBfromBancestorsBolderBthanBtheirBlas
tBcommonBancestor

-
Derived:BSharedBbyBtwoBorBmoreBspeciesBorBtaxaBandBhasBoriginatedBinBtheirBmostBrecentBcommon
Bancestor



BeBableBtoBexplainBandBputBinBaBtimeBframeBsomeBofBtheBmajorBepisodesBinBtheBhistoryBofBlifeBonBe
arth.B(TheBclockBanalogy)B-BCORRECTBANSWER--13.7BbyaB-BUniverseBbeganBwithBtheBBigBBang

-4.6BbyaB--BOurBsolarBsystemBbegan

-TheBEarthBisB4.55BbillionByearsBold

-4BbyaB-BEarthBhadBcooledBenoughBforBouterBlayersBtoBsolidifyBandBoceansBtoBform

-betweenB4BandB3.5BbyaB-BLifeBemerged

WhatBorganisms,BandBprocessBtheyBperform,BwouldBbeBresponsibleBforBtheBaccumulationBofBatmo
sphericBoxygenBaboutB2.8BbillionByearsBago?B-BCORRECTBANSWER-Prokaryotes

WhatBareBprotists?B-BCORRECTBANSWER-eukaryotesBthatBareBnotBfungi,Banimals,BorBplants,

mostlyBunicellular,Band

ancestralBtoBallBotherBeukaryotes.

ExplainBtheBtwo-
stageBhypothesisBforBtheBoriginBofBEukaryoticBcells,BandBbeBableBtoBdefineBendosymbiosis.B-
BCORRECTBANSWER-


SymbiosisBisBaBmoreBgeneralBassociationBbetweenBorganismsBofBtwoBorBmoreBspecies

-Endosymbiosis:BrefersBtoBoneBspeciesBlivingBinsideBanotherBhostBspeciesBand

isBtheBprocessBbyBwhichBeukaryotesBgainedBmitochondriaBandBchloroplasts.

UnderstandBhowBprotistsBcanBbeBseenBasBtheBlinkBbetweenBunicellularBandBmulticellularBlife.B-
BCORRECTBANSWER--


AnBancestralBcolonyBmayBhaveBformedBwhenBaBcellBdividedBandBremainedBattachedBtoBoffspring

-CellsBinBtheBcolonyBmayBhaveBbecomeBspecializedBandBinterdependent

-AdditionalBspecializationBmayBhaveBledBtoBsexBcellsBandBnonereproductiveBcells

WhatBisBtheBfossilBrecord?B-BCORRECTBANSWER-PreservedBremainsBofBpastBlifeBonBEarth