Galen Nur 170 Exam 1\\\Galen Nur 170 Exam
1 Notes – Comprehensive Exam Study Guide
2026
iron deficiency anemia
decrease iron supply, blood loss, poor gi absorption, inadequate diet
iron deficiency anemia s/s
CNS: Paresthesia( numbness tingling)
paller
weight loss
fatigue
FISSURES (at the corner of the mouth)
Spooning nails
Pica
iron deficiency anemia tx
replace iron
food:
-green leafy vegs, red meat, beans, eggs, raisins
iron supplement: cause black stool and gi discomfort
iron deficiency anemia lab work
H&H
b12 deficiency anemia
caused by a vegan diet, small bowel resection, gastrectomy, diarrhea, and tapeworm
b12 deficiency anemia s/s
glossitis (Beefy red tongue)
parathesis (numbness and tingling)
b12 deficiency anemia tx
increase iron intake
Food: citrus fruits, green leafy veggies, b12 injections, fish, eggs, nuts, dairy, dried beans animal proteins
SubQ injections
Folic acid deficiency
Caused by malnutrition, malabsorption, substance abuse alcoholics
commonly found in elderly
,Folic acid deficiency s/s
fatigue, pallor, weight loss
Folic acid deficiency tx
anti-seizure medications
oral contraceptives
food sources:green leafy veg, liver, yeast, citrus fruits, nuts, dried beans
sickle cell anemia
a genetic disorder, stress, alcohol, triggers, dehydration, abnormal HgB &Hct chains. is chronic
sickle cell anemia s/s
hypoxia, severe pain and perfusion issues
sickle cell crisis anemia
clotting of red blood cells: causes severe pain, hypoxia, dehydration, infection
Educate a pt with sickle cell anemia
High altitudes
tight clothing( vasoconstriction)
high temp (72degrees)
sickle cell anemia and crisis tx
hydration, 02, pain meds, remove any tight clothing, room temp above 72, check circulation every hour,
keep HOB elevated
anemia can cause
confusion, fatigue, poor perfusion, cold extremities, weakness
risk of undertreatment for pain
elderly
drug abusers
veterans
nonverbal
pts that do not show pain due to culture
language barrier
Best indicators for pain
self report
wong baker faces
numeric scale
Behavior cues for pts in pain
, fidgeting
gripping bed sheets
moving around
hard to console
grimacing
guarding an area
fetal position
neuropathic pain
PHANTOM LIMB PAIN
burning sensation
numbness and tingling
pins/needles
neuropathic pain medicine
pregabalin
gabapentin
maybe antidepressants
pain is
localized
projected
radiating
referred
how body reacts to acute pain
fight or flight (norepinephrine)
COLDSPA
C-character
O- onset
L- location
D-duration
S- severity
P- Pattern
A- Associated factors
Nursing interventions for pain
start low go slow
1:start non opioid and adjuvant
2:opioids for mild to moderate pain
3:opioids for moderate to severe pain
Ex of Non-opioids
1 Notes – Comprehensive Exam Study Guide
2026
iron deficiency anemia
decrease iron supply, blood loss, poor gi absorption, inadequate diet
iron deficiency anemia s/s
CNS: Paresthesia( numbness tingling)
paller
weight loss
fatigue
FISSURES (at the corner of the mouth)
Spooning nails
Pica
iron deficiency anemia tx
replace iron
food:
-green leafy vegs, red meat, beans, eggs, raisins
iron supplement: cause black stool and gi discomfort
iron deficiency anemia lab work
H&H
b12 deficiency anemia
caused by a vegan diet, small bowel resection, gastrectomy, diarrhea, and tapeworm
b12 deficiency anemia s/s
glossitis (Beefy red tongue)
parathesis (numbness and tingling)
b12 deficiency anemia tx
increase iron intake
Food: citrus fruits, green leafy veggies, b12 injections, fish, eggs, nuts, dairy, dried beans animal proteins
SubQ injections
Folic acid deficiency
Caused by malnutrition, malabsorption, substance abuse alcoholics
commonly found in elderly
,Folic acid deficiency s/s
fatigue, pallor, weight loss
Folic acid deficiency tx
anti-seizure medications
oral contraceptives
food sources:green leafy veg, liver, yeast, citrus fruits, nuts, dried beans
sickle cell anemia
a genetic disorder, stress, alcohol, triggers, dehydration, abnormal HgB &Hct chains. is chronic
sickle cell anemia s/s
hypoxia, severe pain and perfusion issues
sickle cell crisis anemia
clotting of red blood cells: causes severe pain, hypoxia, dehydration, infection
Educate a pt with sickle cell anemia
High altitudes
tight clothing( vasoconstriction)
high temp (72degrees)
sickle cell anemia and crisis tx
hydration, 02, pain meds, remove any tight clothing, room temp above 72, check circulation every hour,
keep HOB elevated
anemia can cause
confusion, fatigue, poor perfusion, cold extremities, weakness
risk of undertreatment for pain
elderly
drug abusers
veterans
nonverbal
pts that do not show pain due to culture
language barrier
Best indicators for pain
self report
wong baker faces
numeric scale
Behavior cues for pts in pain
, fidgeting
gripping bed sheets
moving around
hard to console
grimacing
guarding an area
fetal position
neuropathic pain
PHANTOM LIMB PAIN
burning sensation
numbness and tingling
pins/needles
neuropathic pain medicine
pregabalin
gabapentin
maybe antidepressants
pain is
localized
projected
radiating
referred
how body reacts to acute pain
fight or flight (norepinephrine)
COLDSPA
C-character
O- onset
L- location
D-duration
S- severity
P- Pattern
A- Associated factors
Nursing interventions for pain
start low go slow
1:start non opioid and adjuvant
2:opioids for mild to moderate pain
3:opioids for moderate to severe pain
Ex of Non-opioids
