NUR 221 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 2
PRACTICE QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS 2026
● endogoenous opioids - found in CNS and peripheral tissue, produced
naturally by the body
● two types of opioid receptors - Mu and Kappa (Delta but these arent
important)
● The drugs that are utilized in the treatment of duodenal and gastric
ulcers competitively block which type of histamine receptors - histamine
2 receptors
● types of histamine 2 blockers - -cimetidine or tagamet
-stronger ones, ranitidine famotidine nazatidine
● The stomach's parietal cells contain histamine₂ receptors that, when
triggered - will secrete gastric acid
,● The concentration of hydrogen ions and gastric acid is
______________when the histamine₂ receptors are obstructed -
decreased
● admin for cimetidine or tagamet - 3-4 times a day because its duration
of action only lasts 4-5 hours
● therapeutic uses of cimetidine - GERD and ulcerations of GI tract
● caused by a backflow of gastric acid, and sometimes gastric contents,
into the esophagus. This results in irritation, inflammation, and, possibly,
ulceration of the esophagus. - GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease)
● most commonly perscribed drugs for sx relief of GERD - H2
antagonists and proton pump inhibitors
● aspiration pneumonitis - aspiration of gastric acids, can occur during
general anesthesia
● what is used prophylactically to prevent aspiration pneumonitis -
ranitidine
● three routes for cimetidine - PO, IM, IV
, ● The absorption rate of cimetidine is slowed when administered - orally
with food
● exceretion and elimination of cimetidine - minimal amount
metabolized in liver but mostly excreted in urine
● half life of cimetidine with renal impairment - is prolonged
● is often favored over cimetidine in the treatment of Zollinger-Ellison
syndrome (development of peptic ulcers from gastric acid hyper
secretion caused by a tumor-producing gastrin) because of its higher
potency and fewer side effects - ranitidine
● 90% of those taking ranitidine have significant ulcer healing in how
many weeks - 8 weeks
● T/F histamine 2 blockers are effective in treating gastric carcinoma -
FALSE
● cells that secrete gastric acid - parietal cells
● assessment of pt on histamine 2 blocker - pain, GI complaints, mental
status, I&O fluid/electrolyte imbalances, gastric pH, BUN and cretaine
PRACTICE QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS 2026
● endogoenous opioids - found in CNS and peripheral tissue, produced
naturally by the body
● two types of opioid receptors - Mu and Kappa (Delta but these arent
important)
● The drugs that are utilized in the treatment of duodenal and gastric
ulcers competitively block which type of histamine receptors - histamine
2 receptors
● types of histamine 2 blockers - -cimetidine or tagamet
-stronger ones, ranitidine famotidine nazatidine
● The stomach's parietal cells contain histamine₂ receptors that, when
triggered - will secrete gastric acid
,● The concentration of hydrogen ions and gastric acid is
______________when the histamine₂ receptors are obstructed -
decreased
● admin for cimetidine or tagamet - 3-4 times a day because its duration
of action only lasts 4-5 hours
● therapeutic uses of cimetidine - GERD and ulcerations of GI tract
● caused by a backflow of gastric acid, and sometimes gastric contents,
into the esophagus. This results in irritation, inflammation, and, possibly,
ulceration of the esophagus. - GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease)
● most commonly perscribed drugs for sx relief of GERD - H2
antagonists and proton pump inhibitors
● aspiration pneumonitis - aspiration of gastric acids, can occur during
general anesthesia
● what is used prophylactically to prevent aspiration pneumonitis -
ranitidine
● three routes for cimetidine - PO, IM, IV
, ● The absorption rate of cimetidine is slowed when administered - orally
with food
● exceretion and elimination of cimetidine - minimal amount
metabolized in liver but mostly excreted in urine
● half life of cimetidine with renal impairment - is prolonged
● is often favored over cimetidine in the treatment of Zollinger-Ellison
syndrome (development of peptic ulcers from gastric acid hyper
secretion caused by a tumor-producing gastrin) because of its higher
potency and fewer side effects - ranitidine
● 90% of those taking ranitidine have significant ulcer healing in how
many weeks - 8 weeks
● T/F histamine 2 blockers are effective in treating gastric carcinoma -
FALSE
● cells that secrete gastric acid - parietal cells
● assessment of pt on histamine 2 blocker - pain, GI complaints, mental
status, I&O fluid/electrolyte imbalances, gastric pH, BUN and cretaine
