LSU BIOL 2160 Crousillac Final Exam
3 Questions and All Correct Answers
2025-2026 Updated.
Gluconeogenesis - Answer Process in which new glucose molecules are synthesized from
proteins and fats. Carried out by liver.
Metabolic Rate - Answer The amount of energy (heat+work) released per unit time
Muscular activity, age, gender, body surface area, environmental temperature - Answer
What is your metabolic rate influenced by? (5 things)
Mechanical work - Answer Type of work involving the use of proteins to generate movement
(muscles, cilia)
Chemical work - Answer Type of work involving the formation of chemical bonds (anabolism)
Transport work - Answer Type of work involving the moving of molecules across membranes
(active transport, endo/exocytosis)
Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) - Answer The metabolic rate of a person who is awake, lying
down, physically/mentally relaxed, and fasted for 12 hours. Roughly equal to the rate of oxygen
consumption
Energy stored - Answer Energy input-energy output=?
Energy output - Answer Work performed+heat released=?
Positive energy balance - Answer Energy input>energy output
Negative energy balance - Answer Energy input<energy output
Absorptive state - Answer 3-4 hours following a meal, positive energy balance, energy stored
Postabsorptive state - Answer between meals, negative energy balance, energy mobilized.
Glucose sparing
, Adipocytes/Adipose tissue - Answer Cells that store fat (triglycerides). 20-30% body weight
(normal). 75-80% total energy reserves
insulin, glucagon, epinephrine - Answer Transitions between absorptive and post-absorptive
states are regulated primarily by...(3 things)
Insulin - Answer Promotes synthesis of energy storage molecules. Anabolic hormone.
Increased release during absorptive state. Decrease during post-absorptive. Produced by beta
cells in islets of Langerhans pancreas
Glucagon - Answer Antagonist to insulin. Catabolic hormone. Decreased release during
absorptive state. Increased during post-absorptive. Produced by alpha cells in pancreatic islets
of Langerhans
Hyperglycemia - Answer Fasting blood glucose >140mg/dL, indicative of diabetes mellitus
Hypoglycemia - Answer Fasting blood glucose <60mg/dL, bad for CNS
Epinephrine - Answer sympathetic nervous system product. suppresses insulin, stimulates
glucagon. promotes post-absorptive processes. primarily important during stress reactions,
energy for flight/fight
Type 1 - Answer Type of Diabetes that is insulin-dependent. juvenile onset, 5-10%
Type 2 - Answer Type of Diabetes that is insulin-independent, adult onset, 90-95%
Ketoacidosis, Hyperosmolar (non-ketotic) coma, Hypoglycemic coma - Answer Acute effects
of diabetes (3 things)
Ketoacidosis - Answer decrease in blood pH due to buildup of acidic ketones. Direct result of
hyperglycemia
increased - Answer Hyperglycemia causes ______ urine output
Hyperosmolar (non-Ketotic) coma - Answer coma caused by extreme hyperglycemia leading
to increased blood osmolarity
3 Questions and All Correct Answers
2025-2026 Updated.
Gluconeogenesis - Answer Process in which new glucose molecules are synthesized from
proteins and fats. Carried out by liver.
Metabolic Rate - Answer The amount of energy (heat+work) released per unit time
Muscular activity, age, gender, body surface area, environmental temperature - Answer
What is your metabolic rate influenced by? (5 things)
Mechanical work - Answer Type of work involving the use of proteins to generate movement
(muscles, cilia)
Chemical work - Answer Type of work involving the formation of chemical bonds (anabolism)
Transport work - Answer Type of work involving the moving of molecules across membranes
(active transport, endo/exocytosis)
Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) - Answer The metabolic rate of a person who is awake, lying
down, physically/mentally relaxed, and fasted for 12 hours. Roughly equal to the rate of oxygen
consumption
Energy stored - Answer Energy input-energy output=?
Energy output - Answer Work performed+heat released=?
Positive energy balance - Answer Energy input>energy output
Negative energy balance - Answer Energy input<energy output
Absorptive state - Answer 3-4 hours following a meal, positive energy balance, energy stored
Postabsorptive state - Answer between meals, negative energy balance, energy mobilized.
Glucose sparing
, Adipocytes/Adipose tissue - Answer Cells that store fat (triglycerides). 20-30% body weight
(normal). 75-80% total energy reserves
insulin, glucagon, epinephrine - Answer Transitions between absorptive and post-absorptive
states are regulated primarily by...(3 things)
Insulin - Answer Promotes synthesis of energy storage molecules. Anabolic hormone.
Increased release during absorptive state. Decrease during post-absorptive. Produced by beta
cells in islets of Langerhans pancreas
Glucagon - Answer Antagonist to insulin. Catabolic hormone. Decreased release during
absorptive state. Increased during post-absorptive. Produced by alpha cells in pancreatic islets
of Langerhans
Hyperglycemia - Answer Fasting blood glucose >140mg/dL, indicative of diabetes mellitus
Hypoglycemia - Answer Fasting blood glucose <60mg/dL, bad for CNS
Epinephrine - Answer sympathetic nervous system product. suppresses insulin, stimulates
glucagon. promotes post-absorptive processes. primarily important during stress reactions,
energy for flight/fight
Type 1 - Answer Type of Diabetes that is insulin-dependent. juvenile onset, 5-10%
Type 2 - Answer Type of Diabetes that is insulin-independent, adult onset, 90-95%
Ketoacidosis, Hyperosmolar (non-ketotic) coma, Hypoglycemic coma - Answer Acute effects
of diabetes (3 things)
Ketoacidosis - Answer decrease in blood pH due to buildup of acidic ketones. Direct result of
hyperglycemia
increased - Answer Hyperglycemia causes ______ urine output
Hyperosmolar (non-Ketotic) coma - Answer coma caused by extreme hyperglycemia leading
to increased blood osmolarity
