PSY 1101 - CHAPTER 7: LEARNING EXAM QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE
2026/2027
How is learning defined in the context of behavior? - Answers Learning is defined as a relatively
permanent change in behavior not due to drugs, maturation, injury, or disease.
What is the relationship between behavior and environmental events? - Answers Behavior is influenced
by environmental events, and behavior can also produce new environmental events.
What is operant conditioning? - Answers Operant conditioning is when behavior is affected by its
consequences.
What is Pavlovian conditioning? - Answers Pavlovian conditioning occurs when we associate two events
—a signal and what is signaled.
What role do reflexes play in learning? - Answers Reflexes are automatic responses that help survival
and can be conditioned to other cues.
What is an unconditional stimulus (US)? - Answers An unconditional stimulus is a stimulus that naturally
produces an unconditional response.
What is an unconditional response (UR)? - Answers An unconditional response is an innate reflex that
occurs in response to an unconditional stimulus.
What is a conditional stimulus (CS)? - Answers A conditional stimulus is a previously neutral stimulus
that, after association with an unconditional stimulus, elicits a conditional response.
What is a conditional response (CR)? - Answers A conditional response is a learned response to a
conditional stimulus.
Who is Ivan Pavlov and what is he known for? - Answers Ivan Pavlov is known for discovering classical
conditioning through his experiments with dogs.
What did Pavlov observe about dogs and salivation? - Answers Pavlov observed that dogs salivated not
only to food but also when they saw the laboratory coat of the person feeding them.
What is the significance of the laboratory coat in Pavlov's experiments? - Answers The laboratory coat
became a conditional stimulus that predicted the arrival of food, leading to salivation.
What is social (or vicarious) learning? - Answers Social learning is learning that occurs by observing
others.
What is latent learning? - Answers Latent learning is learning that occurs without immediate
reinforcement and is not demonstrated until there is a reason to use it.
What are biological constraints in learning? - Answers Biological constraints dictate what associations
can be learned based on survival instincts.
What is an example of operant conditioning in everyday life? - Answers A cat learns to run to its owner
when it hears the sound of treat shaking because it receives treats.
, What is the knee-jerk reflex? - Answers The knee-jerk reflex is an innate response that occurs
automatically without learning.
What is the role of environmental events in learning? - Answers Environmental events provide stimuli
that can lead to behavioral responses, facilitating learning.
What is the difference between innate skills and learned behaviors? - Answers Innate skills are natural
responses we are born with, while learned behaviors are acquired through experience.
How does operant conditioning differ from Pavlovian conditioning? - Answers Operant conditioning
focuses on the consequences of behavior, while Pavlovian conditioning focuses on the association
between stimuli.
What is an example of latent learning? - Answers Knowing the location of the fuse box but not
demonstrating that knowledge until the power goes out.
What is the significance of conditioning in learning? - Answers Conditioning makes our environment
more predictable and helps us adapt our behaviors accordingly.
What happens when a conditional stimulus is presented without the unconditional stimulus? - Answers
The conditional response may diminish over time, a phenomenon known as extinction.
What is an example of reflexive behavior? - Answers Pulling your hand away from a hot object is an
example of reflexive behavior that helps avoid danger.
How can reflexes be conditioned? - Answers Reflexes can be conditioned to respond to new stimuli
through the process of Pavlovian conditioning.
What is the role of consequences in operant conditioning? - Answers Consequences determine whether
a behavior will be reinforced or punished, influencing future behavior.
What is the purpose of learning in terms of survival? - Answers Learning helps organisms adapt to their
environment and ensure their survival by avoiding dangers and seeking resources.
What is the difference between a conditional response and an unconditional response? - Answers
Conditional responses are learned, while unconditional responses are not.
What does the term 'conditional stimulus' (CS) refer to in Pavlovian conditioning? - Answers A neutral
stimulus that, after being paired with an unconditional stimulus, elicits a conditional response.
What does the term 'unconditional stimulus' (US) refer to? - Answers A stimulus that naturally and
automatically triggers an involuntary response.
What is the significance of the 'if, then' relationship in Pavlovian conditioning? - Answers It emphasizes
the contingency between the conditional stimulus and the unconditional stimulus necessary for
learning.
What happens during the process of extinction in Pavlovian conditioning? - Answers The conditional
response weakens when the conditional stimulus is presented without the unconditional stimulus.
2026/2027
How is learning defined in the context of behavior? - Answers Learning is defined as a relatively
permanent change in behavior not due to drugs, maturation, injury, or disease.
What is the relationship between behavior and environmental events? - Answers Behavior is influenced
by environmental events, and behavior can also produce new environmental events.
What is operant conditioning? - Answers Operant conditioning is when behavior is affected by its
consequences.
What is Pavlovian conditioning? - Answers Pavlovian conditioning occurs when we associate two events
—a signal and what is signaled.
What role do reflexes play in learning? - Answers Reflexes are automatic responses that help survival
and can be conditioned to other cues.
What is an unconditional stimulus (US)? - Answers An unconditional stimulus is a stimulus that naturally
produces an unconditional response.
What is an unconditional response (UR)? - Answers An unconditional response is an innate reflex that
occurs in response to an unconditional stimulus.
What is a conditional stimulus (CS)? - Answers A conditional stimulus is a previously neutral stimulus
that, after association with an unconditional stimulus, elicits a conditional response.
What is a conditional response (CR)? - Answers A conditional response is a learned response to a
conditional stimulus.
Who is Ivan Pavlov and what is he known for? - Answers Ivan Pavlov is known for discovering classical
conditioning through his experiments with dogs.
What did Pavlov observe about dogs and salivation? - Answers Pavlov observed that dogs salivated not
only to food but also when they saw the laboratory coat of the person feeding them.
What is the significance of the laboratory coat in Pavlov's experiments? - Answers The laboratory coat
became a conditional stimulus that predicted the arrival of food, leading to salivation.
What is social (or vicarious) learning? - Answers Social learning is learning that occurs by observing
others.
What is latent learning? - Answers Latent learning is learning that occurs without immediate
reinforcement and is not demonstrated until there is a reason to use it.
What are biological constraints in learning? - Answers Biological constraints dictate what associations
can be learned based on survival instincts.
What is an example of operant conditioning in everyday life? - Answers A cat learns to run to its owner
when it hears the sound of treat shaking because it receives treats.
, What is the knee-jerk reflex? - Answers The knee-jerk reflex is an innate response that occurs
automatically without learning.
What is the role of environmental events in learning? - Answers Environmental events provide stimuli
that can lead to behavioral responses, facilitating learning.
What is the difference between innate skills and learned behaviors? - Answers Innate skills are natural
responses we are born with, while learned behaviors are acquired through experience.
How does operant conditioning differ from Pavlovian conditioning? - Answers Operant conditioning
focuses on the consequences of behavior, while Pavlovian conditioning focuses on the association
between stimuli.
What is an example of latent learning? - Answers Knowing the location of the fuse box but not
demonstrating that knowledge until the power goes out.
What is the significance of conditioning in learning? - Answers Conditioning makes our environment
more predictable and helps us adapt our behaviors accordingly.
What happens when a conditional stimulus is presented without the unconditional stimulus? - Answers
The conditional response may diminish over time, a phenomenon known as extinction.
What is an example of reflexive behavior? - Answers Pulling your hand away from a hot object is an
example of reflexive behavior that helps avoid danger.
How can reflexes be conditioned? - Answers Reflexes can be conditioned to respond to new stimuli
through the process of Pavlovian conditioning.
What is the role of consequences in operant conditioning? - Answers Consequences determine whether
a behavior will be reinforced or punished, influencing future behavior.
What is the purpose of learning in terms of survival? - Answers Learning helps organisms adapt to their
environment and ensure their survival by avoiding dangers and seeking resources.
What is the difference between a conditional response and an unconditional response? - Answers
Conditional responses are learned, while unconditional responses are not.
What does the term 'conditional stimulus' (CS) refer to in Pavlovian conditioning? - Answers A neutral
stimulus that, after being paired with an unconditional stimulus, elicits a conditional response.
What does the term 'unconditional stimulus' (US) refer to? - Answers A stimulus that naturally and
automatically triggers an involuntary response.
What is the significance of the 'if, then' relationship in Pavlovian conditioning? - Answers It emphasizes
the contingency between the conditional stimulus and the unconditional stimulus necessary for
learning.
What happens during the process of extinction in Pavlovian conditioning? - Answers The conditional
response weakens when the conditional stimulus is presented without the unconditional stimulus.
