WGU C180 Final Exam Study guide (Latest
f f f f f f f
2026/ 2027 Update) Introduction to Psych
f f f f f
ology Guide | Verified Questions & Answer
f f f f f f
s |100% Correct f f
Whatfdofpsychologistsfstudy?
• BiologicalfFoundations
• MentalfLife
• Change
• SelffandfOthers
• PotentialfandfDysfunction
Whatfisfthefscientificfmethodfandfhowfisfitfappliedftofpsychologicalfresearch?
Thefscientificfmethodfisfthefsetfoffassumptions,frules,fandfproceduresfscientistsfuseftofconductfrese
arch.fInfadditionftofrequiringfthatfsciencefisfverifiable,fthefscientificfmethodfdemandsfthatfproced
uresfareffreefoffpersonalfbias.
Whatfisfthefdefinitionfoffafhypothesis?
Afspecificfandffalsifiablefpredictionfaboutfthefrelationshipfbetweenftwoforfmorefvariables.
Whatfisfanfoperationalfdefinition?fProvidefanfexample.
Anfoperationalfdefinitionfrefersftofafprecisefstatementfoffhowfafconceptualfvariablef(fabstractfideafth
atfformfthefbasisfoffresearchfhypothesesf)fwhichfisfturnedfintofafmeasuredfvariablef(fvarialbesfconsis
tingfoffnumbersfthatfrepresentfthefconceptualfvariablesf)
,WGU C180 Final Exam Study guide (Latest
f f f f f f f
2026/ 2027 Update) Introduction to Psych
f f f f f
ology Guide | Verified Questions & Answer
f f f f f f
s |100% Correct f f
(ConceptualfVariable)fDepressionf-
f(operational fdefinition)fNumberfoffnegativefwordsfused finfafcreativefstory; fnumberfoffappointmentsf
madefwithfafpsychotherapist
Whyfarefethicalfguidelinesfneededfwithinfpsychologicalfresearch?
Thesefarefneededfwithfpsychologicalfresearchfisfthefpreventfphysicalfand/orfemotionalfharmftofthefp
articipants.
Whatfarefthefvariousfresearchfmethodsfinftheffieldfoffpsychology?fDescriptivefR
esearch
CorrelationalfResearchf
ExperimentalfResearch
Whatfisfdescriptivefresearch?
researchfdesignedftofprovidefafsnapshotfoffthefcurrentfstatefoffaffairs.
WhatfisfCorrelationalfResearch
researchfdesignedftofdiscoverfrelationshipsfamongfvariablesfandftofallowfthefpredictionfofffuturefeventsff
romfpresentfknowledge.
,WGU C180 Final Exam Study guide (Latest
f f f f f f f
2026/ 2027 Update) Introduction to Psych
f f f f f
ology Guide | Verified Questions & Answer
f f f f f f
s |100% Correct f f
WhatfisfExperimentalfResearch
researchfinfwhichftherefisfafrandomfassignmentfoffresearchfparticipantsfintoftwofgroups.fThisfisffollo
wedfbyfafmanipulationfoffafgivenfexperiencefforfonefgroupfwhilefthefotherfisfnotfmanipulated.fOnefg
roupfisfthefexperimentalfgroupfthatfreceivesfthefmanipulation.fThefotherfgroupfisfthefcontrolfgroupft
hatfdoesfnot.fTheftwofgroupsfarefthenfcomparedftofdeterminefthefinfluencefoffthefmanipulation.
Whatfisfthefrelationshipfbetweenfafpopulationfandfafsample?
Thefpeoplefchosenftofparticipatefinfthefresearch,fcalledfafsample,farefselectedftofbefrepresentativefoff
allfthefpeoplefthatfthefresearcherfwishesftofknowfabout,fcalledfthefpopulation.f"Samplingfisfthefproc
essfoffselectingfafrepresentativefgroupffromfthefpopulationfunderfstudy.fTheftargetfpopulationfisfthef
totalfgroupfoffindividualsffromfwhichfthefsamplefmightfbefdrawn.fAfsamplefisfthefgroupfoffpeoplefw
hoftakefpartfinfthefinvestigation.fThefpeoplefwhoftakefpartfarefreferredftofasf"participants"."
IndependentfVariable
Thefvariablefinfanfexperimentfthatfisfmanipulatedforfcompared
DependentfVariable
Thefvariablefinfanfexperimentfthatfisfmeasured;fthefoutcomefoffanfexperiment
ControlfGroup
, WGU C180 Final Exam Study guide (Latest
f f f f f f f
2026/ 2027 Update) Introduction to Psych
f f f f f
ology Guide | Verified Questions & Answer
f f f f f f
s |100% Correct f f
Thefgroupfoffsubjectsfinfanfexperimentfthatfdoesfnotfreceivefthefindependentfvariable
ExperimentalfGroup
EXPERIMENTALfGROUPfisfthefgroupfreceivingfthefindependentfvariable
Whatfdoesfafcorrelationalfresearchfdesignfexamine?fProvidefanfexample.
researchfdesignedftofdiscoverfrelationshipsfamongfvariablesfandftofallowfthefpredictionfofffuturefeventsff
romfpresentfknowledge.
Describefexamplesfoffafpositivefandfafnegativefcorrelation.
Correlational-Tofassessfthefrelationshipsfbetweenfandfamongftwoforfmorefvariables.fPostiivef-
Asfchildrenfageftheyfgetfbetterfatfmath
f
Negativef-
fAgefoffafchildfandfthefnumberfoffdiapersftheyfusef"Negativefcorrelation,fthefvariablesfmovefinfinvers
e,forfopposite,fdirections.fAsfonefvariablefincreases,fthefotherfvariablefdecreases.fForfexample,ftherefi
sfafnegativefcorrelationfbetweenfself-
esteemfandfdepression.fPositivefcorrelationfisfwhenftherefisfanfincreasefinfonefvariablefitfisfassociatedf
withfanfincreasefinfanotherfvariable.fForfexample:fwithfheightfandfweight,ftallerfpeopleftendftofbefhea
vier."
Whatfarefthefdifferencesfinfinterpretationsfoffcorrelationalfandfexperimentalfdesigns?
Infcorrelationalfstudiesfafresearcherflooksfforfassociationsfamongfnaturallyfoccurringfvariables,fwhereasf
infexperimentalfstudiesfthefresearcherfintroducesfafchangefandfthenfmonitorsfitsfeffects.
f f f f f f f
2026/ 2027 Update) Introduction to Psych
f f f f f
ology Guide | Verified Questions & Answer
f f f f f f
s |100% Correct f f
Whatfdofpsychologistsfstudy?
• BiologicalfFoundations
• MentalfLife
• Change
• SelffandfOthers
• PotentialfandfDysfunction
Whatfisfthefscientificfmethodfandfhowfisfitfappliedftofpsychologicalfresearch?
Thefscientificfmethodfisfthefsetfoffassumptions,frules,fandfproceduresfscientistsfuseftofconductfrese
arch.fInfadditionftofrequiringfthatfsciencefisfverifiable,fthefscientificfmethodfdemandsfthatfproced
uresfareffreefoffpersonalfbias.
Whatfisfthefdefinitionfoffafhypothesis?
Afspecificfandffalsifiablefpredictionfaboutfthefrelationshipfbetweenftwoforfmorefvariables.
Whatfisfanfoperationalfdefinition?fProvidefanfexample.
Anfoperationalfdefinitionfrefersftofafprecisefstatementfoffhowfafconceptualfvariablef(fabstractfideafth
atfformfthefbasisfoffresearchfhypothesesf)fwhichfisfturnedfintofafmeasuredfvariablef(fvarialbesfconsis
tingfoffnumbersfthatfrepresentfthefconceptualfvariablesf)
,WGU C180 Final Exam Study guide (Latest
f f f f f f f
2026/ 2027 Update) Introduction to Psych
f f f f f
ology Guide | Verified Questions & Answer
f f f f f f
s |100% Correct f f
(ConceptualfVariable)fDepressionf-
f(operational fdefinition)fNumberfoffnegativefwordsfused finfafcreativefstory; fnumberfoffappointmentsf
madefwithfafpsychotherapist
Whyfarefethicalfguidelinesfneededfwithinfpsychologicalfresearch?
Thesefarefneededfwithfpsychologicalfresearchfisfthefpreventfphysicalfand/orfemotionalfharmftofthefp
articipants.
Whatfarefthefvariousfresearchfmethodsfinftheffieldfoffpsychology?fDescriptivefR
esearch
CorrelationalfResearchf
ExperimentalfResearch
Whatfisfdescriptivefresearch?
researchfdesignedftofprovidefafsnapshotfoffthefcurrentfstatefoffaffairs.
WhatfisfCorrelationalfResearch
researchfdesignedftofdiscoverfrelationshipsfamongfvariablesfandftofallowfthefpredictionfofffuturefeventsff
romfpresentfknowledge.
,WGU C180 Final Exam Study guide (Latest
f f f f f f f
2026/ 2027 Update) Introduction to Psych
f f f f f
ology Guide | Verified Questions & Answer
f f f f f f
s |100% Correct f f
WhatfisfExperimentalfResearch
researchfinfwhichftherefisfafrandomfassignmentfoffresearchfparticipantsfintoftwofgroups.fThisfisffollo
wedfbyfafmanipulationfoffafgivenfexperiencefforfonefgroupfwhilefthefotherfisfnotfmanipulated.fOnefg
roupfisfthefexperimentalfgroupfthatfreceivesfthefmanipulation.fThefotherfgroupfisfthefcontrolfgroupft
hatfdoesfnot.fTheftwofgroupsfarefthenfcomparedftofdeterminefthefinfluencefoffthefmanipulation.
Whatfisfthefrelationshipfbetweenfafpopulationfandfafsample?
Thefpeoplefchosenftofparticipatefinfthefresearch,fcalledfafsample,farefselectedftofbefrepresentativefoff
allfthefpeoplefthatfthefresearcherfwishesftofknowfabout,fcalledfthefpopulation.f"Samplingfisfthefproc
essfoffselectingfafrepresentativefgroupffromfthefpopulationfunderfstudy.fTheftargetfpopulationfisfthef
totalfgroupfoffindividualsffromfwhichfthefsamplefmightfbefdrawn.fAfsamplefisfthefgroupfoffpeoplefw
hoftakefpartfinfthefinvestigation.fThefpeoplefwhoftakefpartfarefreferredftofasf"participants"."
IndependentfVariable
Thefvariablefinfanfexperimentfthatfisfmanipulatedforfcompared
DependentfVariable
Thefvariablefinfanfexperimentfthatfisfmeasured;fthefoutcomefoffanfexperiment
ControlfGroup
, WGU C180 Final Exam Study guide (Latest
f f f f f f f
2026/ 2027 Update) Introduction to Psych
f f f f f
ology Guide | Verified Questions & Answer
f f f f f f
s |100% Correct f f
Thefgroupfoffsubjectsfinfanfexperimentfthatfdoesfnotfreceivefthefindependentfvariable
ExperimentalfGroup
EXPERIMENTALfGROUPfisfthefgroupfreceivingfthefindependentfvariable
Whatfdoesfafcorrelationalfresearchfdesignfexamine?fProvidefanfexample.
researchfdesignedftofdiscoverfrelationshipsfamongfvariablesfandftofallowfthefpredictionfofffuturefeventsff
romfpresentfknowledge.
Describefexamplesfoffafpositivefandfafnegativefcorrelation.
Correlational-Tofassessfthefrelationshipsfbetweenfandfamongftwoforfmorefvariables.fPostiivef-
Asfchildrenfageftheyfgetfbetterfatfmath
f
Negativef-
fAgefoffafchildfandfthefnumberfoffdiapersftheyfusef"Negativefcorrelation,fthefvariablesfmovefinfinvers
e,forfopposite,fdirections.fAsfonefvariablefincreases,fthefotherfvariablefdecreases.fForfexample,ftherefi
sfafnegativefcorrelationfbetweenfself-
esteemfandfdepression.fPositivefcorrelationfisfwhenftherefisfanfincreasefinfonefvariablefitfisfassociatedf
withfanfincreasefinfanotherfvariable.fForfexample:fwithfheightfandfweight,ftallerfpeopleftendftofbefhea
vier."
Whatfarefthefdifferencesfinfinterpretationsfoffcorrelationalfandfexperimentalfdesigns?
Infcorrelationalfstudiesfafresearcherflooksfforfassociationsfamongfnaturallyfoccurringfvariables,fwhereasf
infexperimentalfstudiesfthefresearcherfintroducesfafchangefandfthenfmonitorsfitsfeffects.
