BIOL 2160 EXAM 1 (2026-2027) VERIFIED
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
What are the 4 levels of protein structure?
1. Primary
2. Secondary
3. Tertiary
4. Quaternary
A protein's shape is its ___
Function (THINK: form dictates function)
Protein structure that is the order of amino acids determined by DNA sequence
Primary
Protein structure that is every twist and fold of the protein
Secondary
Protein structure that is the overall 3D shape
Tertiary
,Protein structure that is several proteins stuck together
Quaternary
T/F: All proteins have 1,2,3 levels of structure
True
Because bonds between amino acids and peptides can be weak, proteins can be ___
by heat, changes in pH, etc.
Denatured
Composed of a 5-carbon sugar, one or more phosphate groups, and a nitrogenous
base
Nucleotides
Nitrogenous bases fall into two categories:
1. Pyrimidine
2. Purine
Nitrogenous category that is a 1-carbon ring
Pyrimidine
,What are the 2 pyrimidine nitrogenous bases?
Cytosine and thymine
Nitrogenous base composed of 2-carbon rings
Purine
What are the 2 purine nitrogenous bases?
Guanine and adenine
What is the nucleotide found only in RNA?
Uracil
What does uracil take the place of in RNA?
Thymine
What is the 5-carbon sugar in DNA?
Deoxyribose
, What is the 5-carbon sugar in RNA?
Ribose
What are the 3 main uses of nucleotides?
1. Intracellular signaling
2. Energy storage and transfer
3. Storage and transmission of genetic information
Polymers of nucleotides that store and express genetic information
Nucleic acids (i.e., DNA and RNA)
The backbone of DNA is a ___ "spine"
Sugar-phosphate
What is the "unique" part of DNA?
The sequence of nitrogenous bases
How many hydrogen bonds are between G and C?
3
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
What are the 4 levels of protein structure?
1. Primary
2. Secondary
3. Tertiary
4. Quaternary
A protein's shape is its ___
Function (THINK: form dictates function)
Protein structure that is the order of amino acids determined by DNA sequence
Primary
Protein structure that is every twist and fold of the protein
Secondary
Protein structure that is the overall 3D shape
Tertiary
,Protein structure that is several proteins stuck together
Quaternary
T/F: All proteins have 1,2,3 levels of structure
True
Because bonds between amino acids and peptides can be weak, proteins can be ___
by heat, changes in pH, etc.
Denatured
Composed of a 5-carbon sugar, one or more phosphate groups, and a nitrogenous
base
Nucleotides
Nitrogenous bases fall into two categories:
1. Pyrimidine
2. Purine
Nitrogenous category that is a 1-carbon ring
Pyrimidine
,What are the 2 pyrimidine nitrogenous bases?
Cytosine and thymine
Nitrogenous base composed of 2-carbon rings
Purine
What are the 2 purine nitrogenous bases?
Guanine and adenine
What is the nucleotide found only in RNA?
Uracil
What does uracil take the place of in RNA?
Thymine
What is the 5-carbon sugar in DNA?
Deoxyribose
, What is the 5-carbon sugar in RNA?
Ribose
What are the 3 main uses of nucleotides?
1. Intracellular signaling
2. Energy storage and transfer
3. Storage and transmission of genetic information
Polymers of nucleotides that store and express genetic information
Nucleic acids (i.e., DNA and RNA)
The backbone of DNA is a ___ "spine"
Sugar-phosphate
What is the "unique" part of DNA?
The sequence of nitrogenous bases
How many hydrogen bonds are between G and C?
3
