Advanced Pathophysiology of the Respiratory System – NR 507 Q&A (2026)

Advanced Pathophysiology of the Respiratory
System – NR 507 Q&A (2026)




Mechanics of Breathing: Passive Process - correct answersDuring quiet breathing, exhalation is generally a
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passive process that does not require energy.
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Mechanics of Breathing: Muscle Relaxation - correct answersThe diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax,
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allowing the diaphragm to rise back to its dome shape and the rib cage to descend.
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Mechanics of Breathing: Intrapleural Pressure Changes - correct answersThe volume of the thoracic cavity
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decreases, causing an increase in intrapleural pressure, which is now less negative.
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Mechanics of Breathing: Airflow Out of the Lungs - correct answersAs intrapulmonary pressure becomes
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greater than atmospheric pressure, air is expelled from the lungs.
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Mechanics of Breathing: Forced Breathing - correct answersDuring vigorous activities or exercise, both
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inhalation and exhalation can become active processes.
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, •Accessory Muscles: Additional muscles (such as the sternocleidomastoid, scalene muscles, and abdominal
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muscles) may be recruited to assist with deep inhalation and forceful exhalation.
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Obstructive Pulmonary Disease - correct answersdecreased FEV1 indicates airway obstruction along with a
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low FEV1/FEV ratio 56%
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- COPD
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- Asthma
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Restrictive Pulmonary Disease - correct answersFEV1/FVC ratio above 70%
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Examples m




- Obesity
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- Pregnancy
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- Scoliosis
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- Pulmonary Fibrosis
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Intrinsic asthma - correct answersSomething internal
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- Irritant
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- More common in adults
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- Triggered by variety of non-allergic factors
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- Stress, anxiety, obese, exercising, chemicals, air-borne irritants, infections, GRED,
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- NO increased IgE
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Extrinsic Asthma - correct answers- Allergic reaction
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- More common in children
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- Pets, dust, pollen
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- Increased levels of IgE is diagnostic
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