Summary Notes | 2026 UPDATE WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTION
A lesson only needs to address_______________________ to be effective.
(Principles and Standards for School Mathematics, PSSMs) (Unit 2: National,
State, & Local Standards): - ANSWERS--a small portion (math standard).
Constructivism Theory (Piaget): (Unit 3: Instructional Strategies): -
ANSWERS--a learning theory based on the idea that knowledge is
constructed and not merely transferred. Everyone builds knowledge by
making connections in their brains to prior knowledge and prior academic
learning that they already have.
-When you use constructivist techniques in your classrooms your students
will become more active, rather than passive, learners.
Constructivism: (Unit 3: Instructional Strategies): - ANSWERS--helps
students make connections and build (i.e., construct) meaning and
understanding of mathematics in their own minds as they work through
problems on their own, and with help from peers or from the teacher.
Conceptual Understanding: (Unit 3: Instructional Strategies): - ANSWERS--
students demonstrate conceptual understanding when they generate
examples of concepts and when they identify and apply mathematical
principles to real-world examples.
Socioculture Theory (Vygotsky): (Unit 3: Instructional Strategies): -
ANSWERS--assumes active meaning-seeking on the part of the learner.
, -an important aspect of sociocultural theory is that the way in which
information is internalized, or learned, depends on whether it was within a
learner's zone of proximal development (ZPD)
Teachers who use sociocultural strategies encourage students
to____________________________________________. (Unit 3: Instructional
Strategies): - ANSWERS-- frequently assess how the activity is helping them
to gain understanding.
-by questioning themselves and their strategies, students in the sociocultural
classroom ideally become expert learners.
While the United States does have national standards____________________.
(Unit 2: National, State, & Local Standards) - ANSWERS--each state has
ultimate control over the standards they choose.
The five math process/practice skills (Principles and Standards for School
Mathematics, PSSMs) (Unit 2: National, State, & Local Standards) -
ANSWERS-1. representation
2. communication
3. reasoning and proof
4. connections
5. problem-solving
Representation: (Principles and Standards for School Mathematics, PSSMs)
(Unit 2: National, State, & Local Standards): - ANSWERS--means to model
and use multiple representations.
Communication: (Principles and Standards for School Mathematics, PSSMs)
(Unit 2: National, State, & Local Standards): - ANSWERS--means that
students are given opportunities to use precise math language and notation.