CERTIFIED RETINAL ANGIOGRAPHER EXAM
2026 FULL PRACTICE TEST WITH DETAILED
SOLUTIONS
◉ Superior rectus muscle. Answer: Allow eyeball to look upward.
◉ Inferior rectus muscle. Answer: Allow eyeball to look downward.
◉ Medial rectus muscle. Answer: Moves eye toward the nose.
◉ Lateral rectus muscle. Answer: Moves eye toward the temple.
◉ Oblique eye muscles (Superior and inferior). Answer: Additional
eye muscles that provide for the subtle rotation and diagonal
movement of the eye.
Attached sideways via a pulley system, when the muscle contracts, it
shortens through the pulley, creating a slight rotational movement of
the globe.
◉ Annulus of Zinn. Answer: a dense, fibrous ring of connective tissue
located at the apex of the orbit that is the origin of four of the six
extraocular muscles - the superior rectus, inferior rectus, lateral
rectus, and medial rectus.
,◉ Eyelids. Answer: These enclose the orbit, protect the globe, and
help distribute tears across the anterior surfaces.
◉ Eyelashes. Answer: Protect eye from debris, dust and
perspiration. Also warn of something close to the eye, results in
reflexive closing to provide protection from incoming objects.
◉ Levator palpebrae (superioris) muscle. Answer: Opens the eye by
retracting the upper eyelid.
◉ 'Palpebral' or 'Blepharo'. Answer: indicate 'relating to the eyelids'
◉ Orbicularis Oculi. Answer: Muscle that closes the eyelid.
◉ Inferior and superior tarsal plates. Answer: Cartilaginous plates
that provide the eyelid with structure and assist with the eyes being
able to close fully.
◉ Tears: Oily layer. Answer: The outer. Produced by the meibomian
glands. Very thin and helps prevent evaporation of the inner layers
of tears.
,◉ Meibomian glands. Answer: Located in the eyelids and secreted by
blinking.
◉ Tears: Aqueous layer. Answer: The middle. Made primarily of
water and proteins. Works to wash away debris, provide
nourishment to the Cornea, and prevent infection. Makes the largest
portion of tears and is produced by the lacrimal gland.
◉ Tears: Mucus layer. Answer: Produced in goblet cells which are
located in the transparent, vascular lining around the eye called the
conjunctiva. Helps ensure even distribution of tears across the globe.
◉ Dry Eye. Answer: A chronic imbalance in the layers of tear film
that can cause extreme irritation and discomfort.
◉ Lacrimal gland. Answer: Produces the middle aqueous layer of
tears for the eye. Located just above the globe in the outer portion of
the orbit. Ducts are distributed throughout the lining of the upper
eyelid in a "string of pearls" configuration. Each string has an
opening or duct at the edge of the eyelids. Easily seen when the eye
is inflamed or irritated.
◉ Puncta lacrimalia (punctum). Answer: Tears drainage system.
Located at inside(medial) edge of both the upper and lower eyelids.
Tears drain through these openings into the nasolacrimal duct, into
the sinus cavities, which empty into back of the throat. This is why
, with Allergies and crying, the nasal passages fill with fluid and nose
runs. Also why can sometimes taste eye drops!
◉ Conjunctiva. Answer: A vascular, Clear mucous membrane that
lines the entire front portion of aqueous and the inside of the
eyelids. Acts as a physical immune barrier, protecting the eye from
microbes and infection. Keeps the bony orbit and any area behind
the eyelids sealed off, which is why you can never lose a contact lens
behind the eyeball.
◉ Palpebral Conjunctiva. Answer: runs the length of the eyelids.
◉ Bulbar conjunctiva. Answer: Continues from the palpebral
conjunctiva onto the globe.
◉ Fornix. Answer: Base of the upper and lower eyelids.
◉ Conjunctivitis (pink eye). Answer: Condition where conjunctiva
becomes irritated or infected, most often with a virus or allergies, or
more seriously bacteria. Extremely contagious, whites of eyes nearly
obscured with pink or red inflamed blood vessels of the conjunctiva.
◉ Limbus. Answer: Area where the conjunctiva and cornea meet at
the front of the eye. and iris and sclera meet here.
2026 FULL PRACTICE TEST WITH DETAILED
SOLUTIONS
◉ Superior rectus muscle. Answer: Allow eyeball to look upward.
◉ Inferior rectus muscle. Answer: Allow eyeball to look downward.
◉ Medial rectus muscle. Answer: Moves eye toward the nose.
◉ Lateral rectus muscle. Answer: Moves eye toward the temple.
◉ Oblique eye muscles (Superior and inferior). Answer: Additional
eye muscles that provide for the subtle rotation and diagonal
movement of the eye.
Attached sideways via a pulley system, when the muscle contracts, it
shortens through the pulley, creating a slight rotational movement of
the globe.
◉ Annulus of Zinn. Answer: a dense, fibrous ring of connective tissue
located at the apex of the orbit that is the origin of four of the six
extraocular muscles - the superior rectus, inferior rectus, lateral
rectus, and medial rectus.
,◉ Eyelids. Answer: These enclose the orbit, protect the globe, and
help distribute tears across the anterior surfaces.
◉ Eyelashes. Answer: Protect eye from debris, dust and
perspiration. Also warn of something close to the eye, results in
reflexive closing to provide protection from incoming objects.
◉ Levator palpebrae (superioris) muscle. Answer: Opens the eye by
retracting the upper eyelid.
◉ 'Palpebral' or 'Blepharo'. Answer: indicate 'relating to the eyelids'
◉ Orbicularis Oculi. Answer: Muscle that closes the eyelid.
◉ Inferior and superior tarsal plates. Answer: Cartilaginous plates
that provide the eyelid with structure and assist with the eyes being
able to close fully.
◉ Tears: Oily layer. Answer: The outer. Produced by the meibomian
glands. Very thin and helps prevent evaporation of the inner layers
of tears.
,◉ Meibomian glands. Answer: Located in the eyelids and secreted by
blinking.
◉ Tears: Aqueous layer. Answer: The middle. Made primarily of
water and proteins. Works to wash away debris, provide
nourishment to the Cornea, and prevent infection. Makes the largest
portion of tears and is produced by the lacrimal gland.
◉ Tears: Mucus layer. Answer: Produced in goblet cells which are
located in the transparent, vascular lining around the eye called the
conjunctiva. Helps ensure even distribution of tears across the globe.
◉ Dry Eye. Answer: A chronic imbalance in the layers of tear film
that can cause extreme irritation and discomfort.
◉ Lacrimal gland. Answer: Produces the middle aqueous layer of
tears for the eye. Located just above the globe in the outer portion of
the orbit. Ducts are distributed throughout the lining of the upper
eyelid in a "string of pearls" configuration. Each string has an
opening or duct at the edge of the eyelids. Easily seen when the eye
is inflamed or irritated.
◉ Puncta lacrimalia (punctum). Answer: Tears drainage system.
Located at inside(medial) edge of both the upper and lower eyelids.
Tears drain through these openings into the nasolacrimal duct, into
the sinus cavities, which empty into back of the throat. This is why
, with Allergies and crying, the nasal passages fill with fluid and nose
runs. Also why can sometimes taste eye drops!
◉ Conjunctiva. Answer: A vascular, Clear mucous membrane that
lines the entire front portion of aqueous and the inside of the
eyelids. Acts as a physical immune barrier, protecting the eye from
microbes and infection. Keeps the bony orbit and any area behind
the eyelids sealed off, which is why you can never lose a contact lens
behind the eyeball.
◉ Palpebral Conjunctiva. Answer: runs the length of the eyelids.
◉ Bulbar conjunctiva. Answer: Continues from the palpebral
conjunctiva onto the globe.
◉ Fornix. Answer: Base of the upper and lower eyelids.
◉ Conjunctivitis (pink eye). Answer: Condition where conjunctiva
becomes irritated or infected, most often with a virus or allergies, or
more seriously bacteria. Extremely contagious, whites of eyes nearly
obscured with pink or red inflamed blood vessels of the conjunctiva.
◉ Limbus. Answer: Area where the conjunctiva and cornea meet at
the front of the eye. and iris and sclera meet here.
