UNIT 1 — MILESTONE 1
Sophia Intro to Statistics Unit 1 Milestone Exam Preparation Complete Study Guide with Solution 2025/ 2026Sophia Intro to Statistics Unit 1 Milestone.pdf
25/29
25/29 that's 86% RETAKE
25 questions were answered correctly.
4 questions were answered incorrectly.
1
●
A trainer is studying the effects of vitamin D on his athletes. He
has realized that there are many potential confounding factors,
such as gender and age. To limit the effect of these confounding
variables, he decided to first group two athletes together based
on these variables (for example, two 21-year-old males). Then he
randomly assigned one person to receive the vitamin D and the
other to receive a sugar pill.
What type of experimental design does this situation
demonstrate?
Matched-Pair Design
Randomized Block Design
●
Simple Random Design
●
Completely Randomized Design
●
RATIONALE
Page 1 of 31 Sophia Intro to Statistics Unit 1 Milestone Sophia Intro to Statistics Unit 1 Milestone.pdf
, By matchingExam
on Preparation
age andComplete
gender this is called a matched-pair
UNIT 1 — MILESTONE 1
Sophia Intro to Statistics Unit 1 Milestone Study Guide with Solution 2025/ 2026Sophia Intro to Statistics Unit 1 Milestone.pdf
design.
CONCEPT 25/29
→ Matched-Pair Design
Report an issue with this question
2
●
Rob sent an email survey to 2,000 cell phone owners asking
about their satisfaction with their current plan. Only 256 people
returned the survey and they were predominately 18-24 years
old.
Which of the following statements is true?
Rob included too many people
on the survey list, affecting the
●
data collected.
The survey likely has bias
because the people who could
not answer differ from those who
did answer.
Rob is ignoring the assumption
that all survey participants will
●
want to act independently.
The survey suffers from census
issues because only 256 people
●
responded.
Page 2 of 31 Sophia Intro to Statistics Unit 1 Milestone Sophia Intro to Statistics Unit 1 Milestone.pdf
, RATIONALE
UNIT 1 — MILESTONE 1
Sophia Intro to Statistics Unit 1 Milestone
Exam Preparation Complete Study Guide with Solution 2025/ 2026Sophia Intro to Statistics Unit 1 Milestone.pdf
In this survey there was a very low response rate with only 256
of the 2000. The characteristics of those who responded are 25/29
different from non-responders. Since the responders and non-
responders differ, we would worry about this affecting how
they responded.
CONCEPT
→ Bias
Report an issue with this question
3
●
To test the effectiveness of a new, cholesterol-lowering drug, a
group of researchers recruits 200 volunteers with high
cholesterol to take part in a study. The researchers place the
numbers 1 through 200 in a hat and have each participant select
a number. Those who picked an odd number receive the new
drug, while those who picked an even number receive a placebo.
Which experimental design are the researchers using?
Matched-Pair Design
●
Completely Randomized Design
Randomized Block Design
●
Representative Sample Design
●
RATIONALE
Page 3 of 31 Sophia Intro to Statistics Unit 1 Milestone Sophia Intro to Statistics Unit 1 Milestone.pdf
, When all patients are assigned treatment or control randomly
UNIT 1 — MILESTONE 1 is called a completely
Sophia Intro to Statistics Unit 1 Milestone
Exam Preparation Complete Study Guide with Solution 2025/ 2026Sophia Intro to Statistics Unit 1 Milestone.pdf
without considering other factors, this
randomized design.
25/29
CONCEPT
→ Completely Randomized Design
Report an issue with this question
4
●
A poll conducted a week before the school election to the
student council showed that Janice would win with 63% of the
vote. The margin of error was 14%.
If Janice needs to receive at least half the votes to win the
election, can we be confident of Janice's victory?
Yes, because the poll stated that
● she will win with 63% of the vote.
No, because she could receive as
low as 49% of the vote.
No, because she could receive as
● low as 14% of the vote.
Yes, because she could receive
● as much as 77% of the vote.
RATIONALE
Recall for a confidence interval, we take the point estimate +/-
margin of error. Using this framework we take the point
Page 4 of 31 Sophia Intro to Statistics Unit 1 Milestone Sophia Intro to Statistics Unit 1 Milestone.pdf
Sophia Intro to Statistics Unit 1 Milestone Exam Preparation Complete Study Guide with Solution 2025/ 2026Sophia Intro to Statistics Unit 1 Milestone.pdf
25/29
25/29 that's 86% RETAKE
25 questions were answered correctly.
4 questions were answered incorrectly.
1
●
A trainer is studying the effects of vitamin D on his athletes. He
has realized that there are many potential confounding factors,
such as gender and age. To limit the effect of these confounding
variables, he decided to first group two athletes together based
on these variables (for example, two 21-year-old males). Then he
randomly assigned one person to receive the vitamin D and the
other to receive a sugar pill.
What type of experimental design does this situation
demonstrate?
Matched-Pair Design
Randomized Block Design
●
Simple Random Design
●
Completely Randomized Design
●
RATIONALE
Page 1 of 31 Sophia Intro to Statistics Unit 1 Milestone Sophia Intro to Statistics Unit 1 Milestone.pdf
, By matchingExam
on Preparation
age andComplete
gender this is called a matched-pair
UNIT 1 — MILESTONE 1
Sophia Intro to Statistics Unit 1 Milestone Study Guide with Solution 2025/ 2026Sophia Intro to Statistics Unit 1 Milestone.pdf
design.
CONCEPT 25/29
→ Matched-Pair Design
Report an issue with this question
2
●
Rob sent an email survey to 2,000 cell phone owners asking
about their satisfaction with their current plan. Only 256 people
returned the survey and they were predominately 18-24 years
old.
Which of the following statements is true?
Rob included too many people
on the survey list, affecting the
●
data collected.
The survey likely has bias
because the people who could
not answer differ from those who
did answer.
Rob is ignoring the assumption
that all survey participants will
●
want to act independently.
The survey suffers from census
issues because only 256 people
●
responded.
Page 2 of 31 Sophia Intro to Statistics Unit 1 Milestone Sophia Intro to Statistics Unit 1 Milestone.pdf
, RATIONALE
UNIT 1 — MILESTONE 1
Sophia Intro to Statistics Unit 1 Milestone
Exam Preparation Complete Study Guide with Solution 2025/ 2026Sophia Intro to Statistics Unit 1 Milestone.pdf
In this survey there was a very low response rate with only 256
of the 2000. The characteristics of those who responded are 25/29
different from non-responders. Since the responders and non-
responders differ, we would worry about this affecting how
they responded.
CONCEPT
→ Bias
Report an issue with this question
3
●
To test the effectiveness of a new, cholesterol-lowering drug, a
group of researchers recruits 200 volunteers with high
cholesterol to take part in a study. The researchers place the
numbers 1 through 200 in a hat and have each participant select
a number. Those who picked an odd number receive the new
drug, while those who picked an even number receive a placebo.
Which experimental design are the researchers using?
Matched-Pair Design
●
Completely Randomized Design
Randomized Block Design
●
Representative Sample Design
●
RATIONALE
Page 3 of 31 Sophia Intro to Statistics Unit 1 Milestone Sophia Intro to Statistics Unit 1 Milestone.pdf
, When all patients are assigned treatment or control randomly
UNIT 1 — MILESTONE 1 is called a completely
Sophia Intro to Statistics Unit 1 Milestone
Exam Preparation Complete Study Guide with Solution 2025/ 2026Sophia Intro to Statistics Unit 1 Milestone.pdf
without considering other factors, this
randomized design.
25/29
CONCEPT
→ Completely Randomized Design
Report an issue with this question
4
●
A poll conducted a week before the school election to the
student council showed that Janice would win with 63% of the
vote. The margin of error was 14%.
If Janice needs to receive at least half the votes to win the
election, can we be confident of Janice's victory?
Yes, because the poll stated that
● she will win with 63% of the vote.
No, because she could receive as
low as 49% of the vote.
No, because she could receive as
● low as 14% of the vote.
Yes, because she could receive
● as much as 77% of the vote.
RATIONALE
Recall for a confidence interval, we take the point estimate +/-
margin of error. Using this framework we take the point
Page 4 of 31 Sophia Intro to Statistics Unit 1 Milestone Sophia Intro to Statistics Unit 1 Milestone.pdf
