Sophia Critical Thinking Unit 2 Milestone Exam Preparation Complete Study Guide with Solution 2025/ 2026Sophia Critical Thinking Unit 2 Milestone.pdf
Sophia Critical Thinking Unit 2 Milestone
1
What is a counterexample?
A case where the premises are false, but the conclusion is true
A case where the premises are true, and the conclusion is also true
A case that doesn't help your main argument
A case where the premises are true, but the conclusion is false
RATIONALE
A counterexample shows that an argument is invalid by providing an
exception where the premises are true, but the conclusion is false.
CONCEPT
Validity
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2
Consider the following argument:
Kids get bullied all the time for how they dress. I think schools should make
kids wear uniforms to reduce that bullying.
Select the hidden premise that makes this argument valid or strong.
Schools should let kids handle bullying themselves.
This argument is already valid/strong, so there is no hidden premise
needed to make it valid/strong.
Kids should be allowed to wear what they want.
Schools should do what they can to reduce bullying.
RATIONALE
A hidden assumption here is indeed the normative statement, otherwise the
argument is invalid.
CONCEPT
Arguments With Hidden Premises
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3
What is it called when there are arguments within arguments?
Normative argument
Explanation argument
Simple argument
Complex argument
RATIONALE
A complex argument has subarguments whose conclusions are premises for
the main argument.
CONCEPT
Other Kinds of Arguments
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4
Consider the following argument:
1. Every mammal loves fruit.
2. Jan loves fruit.
3. Therefore, Jan is a mammal.
Which is a counterexample to this argument?
There is no counterexample (the argument is valid).
Jan could be a reptile that doesn't love fruit.
Jan could be a mammal that doesn't love fruit.
Jan could be a reptile that loves fruit.
RATIONALE
This is a counterexample because the premises are true, and the conclusion
is false.
CONCEPT
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Sophia Critical Thinking Unit 2 Milestone
1
What is a counterexample?
A case where the premises are false, but the conclusion is true
A case where the premises are true, and the conclusion is also true
A case that doesn't help your main argument
A case where the premises are true, but the conclusion is false
RATIONALE
A counterexample shows that an argument is invalid by providing an
exception where the premises are true, but the conclusion is false.
CONCEPT
Validity
Report an issue with this question
2
Consider the following argument:
Kids get bullied all the time for how they dress. I think schools should make
kids wear uniforms to reduce that bullying.
Select the hidden premise that makes this argument valid or strong.
Schools should let kids handle bullying themselves.
This argument is already valid/strong, so there is no hidden premise
needed to make it valid/strong.
Kids should be allowed to wear what they want.
Schools should do what they can to reduce bullying.
RATIONALE
A hidden assumption here is indeed the normative statement, otherwise the
argument is invalid.
CONCEPT
Arguments With Hidden Premises
This study source was downloaded by 1827175 from cliffsnotes.com on 01-08-2026 18:23:43 GMT -06:00
Page 1 of 5 Sophia Critical Thinking Unit 2 Milestone Sophia Critical Thinking Unit 2 Milestone.pdf
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, Sophia Critical Thinking Unit 2 Milestone Exam Preparation Complete Study Guide with Solution 2025/ 2026Sophia Critical Thinking Unit 2 Milestone.pdf
Report an issue with this question
3
What is it called when there are arguments within arguments?
Normative argument
Explanation argument
Simple argument
Complex argument
RATIONALE
A complex argument has subarguments whose conclusions are premises for
the main argument.
CONCEPT
Other Kinds of Arguments
Report an issue with this question
4
Consider the following argument:
1. Every mammal loves fruit.
2. Jan loves fruit.
3. Therefore, Jan is a mammal.
Which is a counterexample to this argument?
There is no counterexample (the argument is valid).
Jan could be a reptile that doesn't love fruit.
Jan could be a mammal that doesn't love fruit.
Jan could be a reptile that loves fruit.
RATIONALE
This is a counterexample because the premises are true, and the conclusion
is false.
CONCEPT
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