1|Page
NR 566 Final Exam 2026 Newest Actual
Exam With Complete Questions And Correct
Detailed Answers (Verified Answers) |Already
Graded A+
How to respond to missed doses or changing of contraceptive types
from one to another? ......ANSWER.....For products that use a 28-
day cycle, the following recommendations from the Centers for
Disease Control apply:
• If one or more pills are missed in the first week, take one pill as
soon as possible and then continue with the pack. Use an
additional form of contraception for 7 days.
• If one or two pills are missed during the second or third week,
take one pill as soon as possible and then continue with the active
pills in the pack but skip the placebo pills and go straight to a new
pack once all the active pills have been taken.
• If three or more pills are missed during the second or third week,
follow the same instructions given for missing one or two pills but
use an additional form of contraception for 7 days.
For combination OCs that use an extended or continuous cycle, up
to 7 days can be missed? ......ANSWER.....with little or no increased
,2|Page
risk for pregnancy provided that the pills had been taken
continuously for the prior 3 weeks.
If one or more doses is missed or taken greater than 3 hours after
the scheduled dose, the following guidelines apply:
......ANSWER.....-If one pill is missed, it should be taken as soon as
remembered and backup contraception should be used for at least
2 days. The pills should be resumed as scheduled on the next day.
-If two pills are missed, the regimen should be restarted and
backup contraception should be used for at least 2 days.
-If two or more pills are missed and no menstrual bleeding occurs,
a pregnancy test should be done.
Types of contraceptives and which would be best for specific
patient scenarios ......ANSWER.....Combination OCs should be
avoided by women with certain cardiovascular disorders (see later)
as well as by women older than 35 years who smoke. For women in
these categories, an alternative method (e.g., diaphragm,
progestin-only pill, or IUD) is preferable.
For women who engage in coitus frequently, OCs or a long-term
method (e.g., Nexplanon, Depo-Provera, IUD) are reasonable
choices.
,3|Page
when sexual activity is limited, and if individual has multiple
partners use of a spermicide, condom, or diaphragm may be more
appropriate. Because barrier methods combined with spermicides
can offer some protection against STDs (as well as providing
contraception)
If adherence is a problem (as it can be with OCs, condoms, and
diaphragms), usterm-16e of a long-term method (e.g., vaginal
contraceptive ring, IUD, Nexplanon, Depo-Provera) can confer
more reliable protection.
What effect does CYP450 inhibitors or inducers have on OCs? o
Recall examples of CYP450 inhibitors and inducers from NR565
(Chapter 4 in textbook) o How does this impact prescribing of
OCs? ......ANSWER.....Inhibitors: Inducers:
Acyclovir Carbamazepine
Ciprofloxacin Phenobarbital
Ethinyl estradiol Phenytoin
Fluvoxamine Primidone
Isoniazid Rifampin
Norfloxacin Ritonavir
Oral contraceptives Tobacco
Zafirlukast St. John's wort
Zileuton
, 4|Page
As a rule, high-estrogen OCs are reserved for women taking drugs
that induce P450.
drugs that interact with oral contraceptives?
......ANSWER.....Products that induce hepatic cytochrome P3A4 can
accelerate OC metabolism and thereby reduce OC effects.
indications are reduced OC blood levels, such as breakthrough
bleeding or spotting. If these signs appear, it may be necessary to
either (1) increase the estrogen dosage of the OC, (2) combine the
OC with a second form of birth control (e.g., condom), or (3)
switch to an alternative form of birth control.
can decrease the benefits of warfarin and hypoglycemic agents.
May require increased dosage
OCs can impair the hepatic metabolism of several agents, including
theophylline, tricyclic antidepressants, diazepam, and
chlordiazepoxide. Can cause toxicity. if Toxicity occurs dosage may
have to be reduced.
Prevention of osteoporosis with hormone replacement therapy
......ANSWER.....prevention of osteoporosis requires lifelong HT,
and hence the risk for harm is higher.
labeling of HT products currently must carry the following advice:
When this product is prescribed solely to prevent postmenopausal
osteoporosis, approved nonestrogen treatments should be carefully
considered. Furthermore, HT should be considered only for
NR 566 Final Exam 2026 Newest Actual
Exam With Complete Questions And Correct
Detailed Answers (Verified Answers) |Already
Graded A+
How to respond to missed doses or changing of contraceptive types
from one to another? ......ANSWER.....For products that use a 28-
day cycle, the following recommendations from the Centers for
Disease Control apply:
• If one or more pills are missed in the first week, take one pill as
soon as possible and then continue with the pack. Use an
additional form of contraception for 7 days.
• If one or two pills are missed during the second or third week,
take one pill as soon as possible and then continue with the active
pills in the pack but skip the placebo pills and go straight to a new
pack once all the active pills have been taken.
• If three or more pills are missed during the second or third week,
follow the same instructions given for missing one or two pills but
use an additional form of contraception for 7 days.
For combination OCs that use an extended or continuous cycle, up
to 7 days can be missed? ......ANSWER.....with little or no increased
,2|Page
risk for pregnancy provided that the pills had been taken
continuously for the prior 3 weeks.
If one or more doses is missed or taken greater than 3 hours after
the scheduled dose, the following guidelines apply:
......ANSWER.....-If one pill is missed, it should be taken as soon as
remembered and backup contraception should be used for at least
2 days. The pills should be resumed as scheduled on the next day.
-If two pills are missed, the regimen should be restarted and
backup contraception should be used for at least 2 days.
-If two or more pills are missed and no menstrual bleeding occurs,
a pregnancy test should be done.
Types of contraceptives and which would be best for specific
patient scenarios ......ANSWER.....Combination OCs should be
avoided by women with certain cardiovascular disorders (see later)
as well as by women older than 35 years who smoke. For women in
these categories, an alternative method (e.g., diaphragm,
progestin-only pill, or IUD) is preferable.
For women who engage in coitus frequently, OCs or a long-term
method (e.g., Nexplanon, Depo-Provera, IUD) are reasonable
choices.
,3|Page
when sexual activity is limited, and if individual has multiple
partners use of a spermicide, condom, or diaphragm may be more
appropriate. Because barrier methods combined with spermicides
can offer some protection against STDs (as well as providing
contraception)
If adherence is a problem (as it can be with OCs, condoms, and
diaphragms), usterm-16e of a long-term method (e.g., vaginal
contraceptive ring, IUD, Nexplanon, Depo-Provera) can confer
more reliable protection.
What effect does CYP450 inhibitors or inducers have on OCs? o
Recall examples of CYP450 inhibitors and inducers from NR565
(Chapter 4 in textbook) o How does this impact prescribing of
OCs? ......ANSWER.....Inhibitors: Inducers:
Acyclovir Carbamazepine
Ciprofloxacin Phenobarbital
Ethinyl estradiol Phenytoin
Fluvoxamine Primidone
Isoniazid Rifampin
Norfloxacin Ritonavir
Oral contraceptives Tobacco
Zafirlukast St. John's wort
Zileuton
, 4|Page
As a rule, high-estrogen OCs are reserved for women taking drugs
that induce P450.
drugs that interact with oral contraceptives?
......ANSWER.....Products that induce hepatic cytochrome P3A4 can
accelerate OC metabolism and thereby reduce OC effects.
indications are reduced OC blood levels, such as breakthrough
bleeding or spotting. If these signs appear, it may be necessary to
either (1) increase the estrogen dosage of the OC, (2) combine the
OC with a second form of birth control (e.g., condom), or (3)
switch to an alternative form of birth control.
can decrease the benefits of warfarin and hypoglycemic agents.
May require increased dosage
OCs can impair the hepatic metabolism of several agents, including
theophylline, tricyclic antidepressants, diazepam, and
chlordiazepoxide. Can cause toxicity. if Toxicity occurs dosage may
have to be reduced.
Prevention of osteoporosis with hormone replacement therapy
......ANSWER.....prevention of osteoporosis requires lifelong HT,
and hence the risk for harm is higher.
labeling of HT products currently must carry the following advice:
When this product is prescribed solely to prevent postmenopausal
osteoporosis, approved nonestrogen treatments should be carefully
considered. Furthermore, HT should be considered only for
