APEA PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - MASTER 2| QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS| LATEST EXAM
UPDATE 2025/2026
The pediatric orthopedic condition described as osteonecrosis of the capital femoral
epiphysis due to interrupted vascular supply that results in ischemia and alteration in
cartilage growth is:
toxic synovitis.
Legg-Calve-Perthes disease.
spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia.
juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. -answerLegg-Calve-Perthes disease.
A 54-year-old woman reports left wrist stiffness at rest and with movement. An X-ray of
the left wrist identifies joint space narrowing, bony erosion in the joint, and reduced
bone density surrounding the joint. What is the probable diagnosis?
Bursitis
Osteoarthritis
Systemic lupus
Rheumatoid arthritis -answerRheumatoid arthritis
A lateral deviation of the spinal column that may cause rotation or deformity in the
vertebrae is termed:
scoliosis.
osteoporosis.
Legg Calve Perthes disease.
Osgood Schlatter disease. -answerscoliosis.
Synovial fluid does NOT:
reduce the friction between articular cartilage of synovial joints during movement.
provide nutrition to the avascular articular cartilage.
regenerate bone epiphyses.
,aid in shock absorption. -answerregenerate bone epiphyses.
The most common site of curvature in a patient with scoliosis is:
the left cervical spine.
the right lumbar spine.
the left lumbar spine.
the right thoracic spine. -answerthe right thoracic spine.
The pathologic hallmark of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis is:
inflamed synovial tissue.
osteophyte development.
subchondral sclerosis.
popliteal cyst rupture. -answerinflamed synovial tissue.
The skeletal disorder characterized by loss of total bone mass and increased bone
fragility is termed:
rickets.
osteomalacia.
osteopenia.
osteoporosis. -answerosteoporosis.
A 50-year-old woman reports morning joint stiffness that lasts less than 1 hour and
resumes after activity. During physical examination, the NP detects crepitus. This
symptom indicates:
rheumatoid arthritis.
bursitis.
tendonitis.
osteoarthritis. -answerosteoarthritis.
,Which one of the following diseases is associated with neuromuscular scoliosis?
Fibromyalgia
Spinal stenosis
Cerebral palsy
Multiple sclerosis -answerCerebral palsy
Osteomalacia is caused by a deficiency in:
iron.
vitamin D.
phosphate.
vitamin C. -answervitamin D
A pathologic alteration in the musculotendinous origins of the extensor carpi radialis
brevis muscle and longus tendons as a result of overuse is:
lateral epicondylitis.
synovitis of the elbow.
cubital tunnel syndrome.
bursitis. -answerlateral epicondylitis.
The major clinical manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis is:
joint swelling.
deep tendon hyporeflexia.
decreased range of motion.
ecchymosis in the affected site. -answerjoint swelling
Which of the following is a physical assessment test to assist in the diagnosis of Legg-
Calve-Perthes disease?
Ortolani's sign
Ely's test
, Lachman Test
Trendelenburg sign -answerTrendelenburg sign
Which one of the following is associated with slipped capital femoral epiphysis in a
pediatric patient?
Osteoporosis
Osteoarthritis
Osteonecrosis
Osteopenia -answerOsteonecrosis
Which orthopedic condition produces joint pain and inflammation due to deposition of
monosodium urate crystals into joints?
Rheumatoid arthritis
Gout
Septic joint
Cellulitis -answergout
Which of the following is NOT a result of nerve compression associated with carpal
tunnel syndrome?
Disorders of the intraneural microcirculation
Lesions of the myelin sheath and axon
Osteomalacia of the surrounding bones
Alteration in supporting connective tissue -answerOsteomalacia of the surrounding
bones
Progressive destruction of the articular cartilage and subchondral bone causing joint
pain is:
rheumatoid arthritis.
tendonitis.
UPDATE 2025/2026
The pediatric orthopedic condition described as osteonecrosis of the capital femoral
epiphysis due to interrupted vascular supply that results in ischemia and alteration in
cartilage growth is:
toxic synovitis.
Legg-Calve-Perthes disease.
spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia.
juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. -answerLegg-Calve-Perthes disease.
A 54-year-old woman reports left wrist stiffness at rest and with movement. An X-ray of
the left wrist identifies joint space narrowing, bony erosion in the joint, and reduced
bone density surrounding the joint. What is the probable diagnosis?
Bursitis
Osteoarthritis
Systemic lupus
Rheumatoid arthritis -answerRheumatoid arthritis
A lateral deviation of the spinal column that may cause rotation or deformity in the
vertebrae is termed:
scoliosis.
osteoporosis.
Legg Calve Perthes disease.
Osgood Schlatter disease. -answerscoliosis.
Synovial fluid does NOT:
reduce the friction between articular cartilage of synovial joints during movement.
provide nutrition to the avascular articular cartilage.
regenerate bone epiphyses.
,aid in shock absorption. -answerregenerate bone epiphyses.
The most common site of curvature in a patient with scoliosis is:
the left cervical spine.
the right lumbar spine.
the left lumbar spine.
the right thoracic spine. -answerthe right thoracic spine.
The pathologic hallmark of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis is:
inflamed synovial tissue.
osteophyte development.
subchondral sclerosis.
popliteal cyst rupture. -answerinflamed synovial tissue.
The skeletal disorder characterized by loss of total bone mass and increased bone
fragility is termed:
rickets.
osteomalacia.
osteopenia.
osteoporosis. -answerosteoporosis.
A 50-year-old woman reports morning joint stiffness that lasts less than 1 hour and
resumes after activity. During physical examination, the NP detects crepitus. This
symptom indicates:
rheumatoid arthritis.
bursitis.
tendonitis.
osteoarthritis. -answerosteoarthritis.
,Which one of the following diseases is associated with neuromuscular scoliosis?
Fibromyalgia
Spinal stenosis
Cerebral palsy
Multiple sclerosis -answerCerebral palsy
Osteomalacia is caused by a deficiency in:
iron.
vitamin D.
phosphate.
vitamin C. -answervitamin D
A pathologic alteration in the musculotendinous origins of the extensor carpi radialis
brevis muscle and longus tendons as a result of overuse is:
lateral epicondylitis.
synovitis of the elbow.
cubital tunnel syndrome.
bursitis. -answerlateral epicondylitis.
The major clinical manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis is:
joint swelling.
deep tendon hyporeflexia.
decreased range of motion.
ecchymosis in the affected site. -answerjoint swelling
Which of the following is a physical assessment test to assist in the diagnosis of Legg-
Calve-Perthes disease?
Ortolani's sign
Ely's test
, Lachman Test
Trendelenburg sign -answerTrendelenburg sign
Which one of the following is associated with slipped capital femoral epiphysis in a
pediatric patient?
Osteoporosis
Osteoarthritis
Osteonecrosis
Osteopenia -answerOsteonecrosis
Which orthopedic condition produces joint pain and inflammation due to deposition of
monosodium urate crystals into joints?
Rheumatoid arthritis
Gout
Septic joint
Cellulitis -answergout
Which of the following is NOT a result of nerve compression associated with carpal
tunnel syndrome?
Disorders of the intraneural microcirculation
Lesions of the myelin sheath and axon
Osteomalacia of the surrounding bones
Alteration in supporting connective tissue -answerOsteomalacia of the surrounding
bones
Progressive destruction of the articular cartilage and subchondral bone causing joint
pain is:
rheumatoid arthritis.
tendonitis.
