Advanced Patho HESI exam with answers.

Advanced Patho HESI exam with answers |\ |\ |\ |\ |\




The nurse hears short, high-pitched sounds just before
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the end of inspiration in the right and left lower lobes
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when auscultating a client's lungs. How should this
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finding be recorded? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Fine
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crackles are short, high pitched sounds heard just before
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the end of inspiration that are the result of rapid
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equalization of pressure when collapsed alveoli or |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



terminal bronchioles suddenly snap open. |\ |\ |\ |\




The nurse is assessing an older client and determines
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that the client's left upper eyelid droops, covering more of
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the iris than the right eyelid. Which description should
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the nurse use to document this finding? - CORRECT
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ANSWERS ✔✔Ptosis is the term used to describe an eyelid |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



droop that covers a large portion of the iris, which may
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result from oculomotor nerve or eyelid muscle disorder.
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A client's family asks why their mother with heart failure
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needs a pulmonary artery catheter now that she is in the
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ICU. What information should the nurse include in the
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explanation to the family? - CORRECT ANSWERS |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



✔✔Pulmonary artery catheters are used to measure |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



central pressures and fluid balance. Even though all
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clients in the ICU require close monitoring, they do not all
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need a PA catheter |\ |\ |\

,Several hours after surgical repair of an abdominal aortic
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aneurysm, the client develops left flank pain. The nurse
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determines the client's urinary output is 20 mL/hr for the |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



past 2 hours. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Postoperative
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complications of surgical repair of AAA are related to the |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



location of resection, graft, or stent placement along the
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abdominal aorta. Embolization of a fragment of thrombus
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or plaque from the aorta into a renal artery can
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compromise blood flow in one of the renal arteries, |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



resulting in renal ischemia that precipitates unilateral
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flank pain. |\




The nurse should conclude that these findings support
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which complication? - CORRECT ANSWERS
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✔✔Intraoperative blood loss or rupture of the aorta |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



anastomosis can cause acute renal failure related to |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



hypovolemia.


The nurse is assessing a postmenopausal woman who is
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complaining of urinary urgency and frequency and stress |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



incontinence. She also reports difficulty emptying her |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



bladder. These complaints are most likely due to which
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condition? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔This constellation of
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signs in a postmenopausal woman are characteristic of
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cystocele.

, A male client who has never smoked by has had COPD is
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now being assessed for cancer of the lung. The nurse
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knows that he is most likely to develop which type of lung
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cancer? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Adenocarcinoma is the
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only lung cancer not related to cigarette smoking. It has
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been found to be directly related to lung scarring and
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fibrosis from preexisting pulmonary disease such as TB or
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COPD.
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Muscular Dystrophy is characterized by which
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pathophysiological condition? - CORRECT ANSWERS |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



✔✔Skeletal muscle degeneration is a classic symptom of |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



muscular dystrophy. |\




The nurse is preparing to administer atropine, an
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anticholinergic, to a client who is scheduled for a |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



cholecystectomy. The client asks the nurse to explain the |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



reason for the prescribed medication. What is the best
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response for the nurse to provide? - CORRECT ANSWERS
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✔✔Atropine may be prescribed to increase the |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



automaticity of the SA node and prevent a dangerous |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



reduction in HR during surgical anesthesia. |\ |\ |\ |\ |\




What information should the nurse include in a teaching
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plan about the onset of menopause? - CORRECT
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ANSWERS ✔✔Smoking, Oophorectomy and hysterotomy, |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



Early menarche, Genetic influence and Chemotherapy
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exposure.