ULTIMATE AP Biology Exam Review QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS.

ULTIMATE AP Biology Exam Review |\ |\ |\ |\ |\




QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS |\ |\




Define the following: isotope, valence shell, covalent
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bond, ionic bond - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Isotope- one of
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several atomic forms of an element, each with the same
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# of protons, but different number of neutrons
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Valence shell- the outermost energy shell of an atom,
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containing valence electrons involved in chemical |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



reactions


Covalent bond- bond where the electrons are shared
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Ionic bonds- a chemical bond resulting from the
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attractions between oppositely charged ions |\ |\ |\ |\




Hydrogen bonds result in.... pH is... - CORRECT ANSWERS
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✔✔Hydrogen bonds result in a weak, polar, and covalent |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



bond between a H+ and a negative ion.
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pH is the measure of hydrogen ion concentration
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,How many covalent bonds can carbon form? - CORRECT
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ANSWERS ✔✔4 bonds |\ |\




Hydrogen bonds form between... - CORRECT ANSWERS |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



✔✔a H+ and a negative ion
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pH is a measure of.... What is a buffer? - CORRECT
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ANSWERS ✔✔pH is a measure of ion concentration |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\




A buffer minimizes the changes in a solution when acids
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and bases are added
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What are the differences between catabolic and anabolic
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reactions? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Catabolic reactions |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



break down complex molecules and anabolic reactions
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build them up. |\ |\




What is an isomer? Define structural, geometric, and
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stereoisomers? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔An isomer is |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



when different compounds the same molecular formula
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but different structure. A structural isomer is an isomer
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that has different covalent arrangements of their atoms;
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geometric isomers have the same covalent bonds but |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



differ in spacial arrangment; enatimors mirror images of
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each other |\

, Name the following functional groups: -OH -C=O -COOH -
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NH2 -SH -OPO3 - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Hydroxyl;
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carbonyl; carboxyl; amino; sulfhydryl; phosphate
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What is the general formula for a monosaccharide?
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What is the function of monosaccharides?
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What are polysaccharides?
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What are the differences between glycogen, starch,
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cellulose, and chitin? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔C1H2O1
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energy storage and structural support
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Chain of monosaccarides
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Starch (plants) and glycogen (animals) store energy in
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carbohydrate form, whereas cellulose (plant wall) and |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



chitin (exoskeleton) provide structural support.
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What are the structural components of fats,
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phospholipids, steroids? |\




Fats store....
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Phospholipids form.... |\