General Biology: Exam 1 Questions and Answers | Latest Version | 2025/2026 | Correct & Verified

General Biology: Exam 1 Questions and Answers | Latest Version | 2025/2026 | Correct & Verified What is homeostasis? Maintaining stable internal conditions What is an enzyme? A protein that speeds up chemical reactions What is a substrate? The molecule an enzyme acts on What is diffusion? Movement of molecules from high to low concentration What is osmosis? Diffusion of water across a membrane What is active transport? Movement of substances using energy What is a chromosome? 2 A structure that carries genes What is a gene? A segment of DNA that codes for a trait What is mitosis? Division of a cell to make two identical cells What is meiosis? Cell division that produces gametes What are gametes? Sex cells What is fertilisation? Fusion of two gametes What is biology the study of? Living organisms and life processes What is the smallest unit of life? The cell 3 What structure controls activities of the cell? The nucleus What molecule stores genetic information? DNA What is the main function of mitochondria? To produce energy What do ribosomes make? Proteins What is the fluid inside the cell called? Cytoplasm What part of the cell regulates what enters and leaves? Cell membrane What is photosynthesis? The process plants use to make food 4 What gas do plants take in for photosynthesis? Carbon dioxide What gas is released during photosynthesis? Oxygen What organelle contains chlorophyll? Chloroplast What is the main product of photosynthesis? Glucose What is cellular respiration? The process of releasing energy from food What molecule carries energy in cells? ATP What is a tissue? A group of similar cells working together What is an organ? 5 A structure made of different tissues What is a zygote? A fertilised egg What is evolution? Change in species over time What is natural selection? Survival of organisms best adapted What is adaptation? A trait that helps survival What is an ecosystem? A community of organisms and their environment What is a population? A group of the same species in one area What is a community? Different species living together 6 What is a producer? An organism that makes its own food