,PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 9th EDITION MCCANCE TEST BANK
#z #z #z #z #z # z
Chapter 1: Cellular Biology
#z #z #z
MULTIPLE #zCHOICE
1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
a. Cells can produce proteins. c. Cells can take in and use nutrients.
b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes. d. Cells can synthesize fats.
ANS: C
In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other substances from their
surroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their descriptions of cellular
metabolic absorption.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 2
2. Most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, is contained in the:
a. Mitochondria c. Nucleolus
b. Ribosome d. Lysosome
ANS: C
The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely of RNA,
most of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins, such as the histones, which
regulate its activity. The other options do not contain most of a cell’s genetic information.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 2
3. Which component of the cell prodNuUceRsSIhNyGd TroBg.CenO M
p erox ide (H2O2) by using oxygen to
remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
a. Lysosomes c. Ribosomes
b. Peroxisomes d. Oxyhydrosomes
ANS: B
Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use oxygen to remove
hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that produces H2O2, which
is a powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it accumulates or escapes from
peroxisomes. Ribosomes are RNA-protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are synthesized
in the nucleolus and secreted into the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear envelope
called nuclear pore complexes. Lysosomes are saclike structures that originate from the
Golgi complex and contain more than 40 digestive enzymes called hydrolases, which
catalyze bonds in proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. Oxyhydrosomesare
involved in enzyme production.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 8
4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during cell
injury?
a. Ribosome c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
b. Golgi complex d. Lysosomes
ANS: D
, The #zlysosomal #zmembrane #zacts #zas #za #zprotective #zshield #zbetween #zthe #zpowerful
#zdigestive #zenzymes #zwithin #zthe #zlysosome #zand #zthe #zcytoplasm, #zpreventing #ztheir
#zleakage #zinto #zthe #zcytoplasmic #zmatrix. #zDisruption #zof #zthe #zmembrane #zby #zvarious
#ztreatments #zor #zcellular #zinjury #zleads #zto #za #zrelease #zof #zthe #zlysosomal #zenzymes, #zwhich
#zcan #zthen #zreact #zwith #ztheir #zspecific #zsubstrates, #zcausing #zcellular #zself-digestion. #zThe
#zother #zoptions #zdo #znot #zcorrectly #zdescribe #zthis #zprocess.
PTS: # z #z 1 REF: #zPages #z7-8
5. What #zis #zthe #zsequence #zof #zsteps #zin #zthe #zdevelopment #zof #za #zdigestive #zenzyme #zby #zthe
#z pancreas #zcells #zfrom #zthe #zinitial #ztranscription #zto #zthe #zrelease #zfrom #zthe #zcell?
a. The #zenzyme #zis #ztranscribed #zfrom #zDNA #zby #zRNA #zin #zthe #znucleus, #zproceeds
to #zthe #zribosome #zfor #zsynthesis, #zand #zis #ztransported #zin #za #zsecretory #zvesicle
#z
to #zthe #zcell #zmembrane.
#z
b. The #zenzyme #zis #ztranscribed #zfrom #zRNA #zby #zDNA #zin #zthe #znucleus, #zproceeds #zto
#zthe #zlysosome #zfor #zsynthesis, #zand #zis #ztransported #zin #zan #zencapsulated #zmembrane
#zto #zthe #zcell #zmembrane.
c. The #zenzyme #zis #ztranscribed #zby #zthe #zmitochondria #zin #zthe #znucleus, #zproceeds #zto
#zthe #zribosome #zfor #zsynthesis, #zand #zis #ztransported #zin #za #zcytoskeleton #zto #zthe #zcell
#zmembrane.
d. The #zenzyme #zis #ztranscribed #zfrom #zDNA #zby #zRNA #zin #zthe #znucleus, #zproceeds
#zto #zthe #zGolgi #zcomplex #zfor #zsynthesis, #zand #zis #ztransported #zin #za #zcytosol #zto #zthe
#zcell #zmembrane.
ANS: # z A
The #zenzyme #zis #ztranscribed #zfrom #zDNA #zby #zRNA #zin #zthe #znucleus, #zproceeds #zto #zthe
#zribosome #zfor #zsynthesis, #zand #zis #ztransported #zin #za #zsecretory #zvesicle #zto #zthe #zcell
#zmembrane. #zThe #zother #zoptions #zdo #znot #zcorrectly #zdescribe #zthis #zprocess.
NURSINGTB.COM
PTS: # z #z 1 REF: #zPage #z7 #z| #zFigure #z1-5
6. During #zwhich #zphase #zof #zthe #zcell #zcycle #zis #zDNA #zsynthesized?
a. G1 c. G2
b. S d. # z M
ANS: # z B
The #zfour #zdesignated #zphases #zof #zthe #zcell #zcycle #zare: #z(1) #zthe #zG1 # z phase #z(G #z= #zgap),
#zwhich #zis #zthe #zperiod #zbetween #zthe #zM #zphase #z(M #z= #zmitosis) #zand #zthe #zstart #zof #zDNA
#zsynthesis; #z(2) #zthe #zS #zphase #z(S #z= #zsynthesis), #zduring #zwhich #zDNA #zis #zsynthesized #zin
#zthe #zcell #znucleus; #z(3) #zthe #zG2 # z phase, #zduring #zwhich #zRNA #zand #zprotein #zsynthesis
#zoccurs, #zthe #zperiod #zbetween #zthe #zcompletion #zof #zDNA #zsynthesis #zand #zthe #znext #zphase
#z(M); #zand #z(4) #zthe #zM #zphase, #zwhich #zincludes #znuclear #zand #zcytoplasmic #zdivision.
PTS: # z #z 1 REF: #zPage #z37
7. What #zorganic #zcompound #zfacilitates #ztransportation #zacross #zcell #zmembranes #zby
acting #zas #zreceptors, #ztransport #zchannels #zfor #zelectrolytes, #zand #zenzymes #zto #zdrive
#z
#zactive #zpumps?
a. Lipids c. Proteins
b. Proteases d. # z Carbohydrates
ANS: # z C
, Proteins #zact #zas #z(1) #zrecognition #zand #zbinding #zunits #z(receptors) #zfor #zsubstances #zmoving
#zin #zand #zout #zof #zthe #zcell; #z(2) #zpores #zor #ztransport #zchannels #zfor #zvarious #zelectrically
#zcharged #zparticles #zcalled #zions #zor #zelectrolytes #zand #zspecific #zcarriers #zfor #zamino #zacids
#zand #zmonosaccharides; #zand
(3) #zspecific #zenzymes #zthat #zdrive #zactive #zpumps #zthat #zpromote #zthe #zconcentration #zof
+
#zcertain #zions, #zparticularly #zpotassium #z(K ), #zwithin #zthe #zcell #zwhile #zkeeping
+
#zconcentrations #zof #zother #zions, #zfor #zexample, #zsodium #z(Na ), #zbelow #zthe #zconcentrations
#zfound #zin #zthe #zextracellular #zenvironment. #zThe #zother #zoptions #zdo #znot #zcorrectly
#zdescribe #zthis #zprocess.
PTS: # z #z 1 REF: #zPage #z13 #z| #zPage #z15
8. Understanding #zthe #zvarious #zsteps #zof #zproteolytic #zcascades, #zsuch #zas #zcaspase-
mediated #zapoptosis #zand #zcomplement #zcascades, #zmay #zbe #zuseful #zin #zdesigning #zdrug
#ztherapy #zfor #zwhich #zhuman #zdiseases?
a. Cardiac #zand #zvascular #zdisorders
b. Autoimmune #zand #zmalignant #zdisorders
c. Gastrointestinal #zand #zrenal #zdisorders
d. Endocrine #zand #zgastrointestinal #zdisorders
ANS: # z B
Understanding #zthe #zvarious #zsteps #zinvolved #zin #zthis #zprocess #zis #zcrucial #zfor #zdesigning
#zdrug #zinterventions. #zDysregulation #zof #zproteases #zfeatures #zprominently #zin #zmany #zhuman
#zdiseases, #zincluding #zcancer, #zautoimmunity, #zand #zneurodegenerative #zdisorders. #zThe
#zother #zoptions #zdo #znot #zcorrectly #zdescribe #zthis #zprocess.
PTS: # z #z 1 REF: # z Page #z15
9. Which #zstructure #zprevents #zwater-soluble #zmolecules #zfrom #zentering #zcells #zacross #zthe
plasma #z
#z NURSINGTB.COM
membrane?
a. Carbohydrate #zchains c. Membrane #zchannel #zproteins
b. Glycoprotein #zchannels d. # z Lipid #zbilayer
ANS: # z D
The #zbilayer’s #zstructure #zaccounts #zfor #zone #zof #zthe #zessential #zfunctions #zof #zthe #zplasma
#zmembrane. #zIt #zis #zimpermeable #zto #zmost #zwater-soluble #zmolecules #z(molecules #zthat
#zdissolve #zin #zwater) #zbecause #zthe #zwater-soluble #zmolecules #zare #zinsoluble #zin #zthe #zoily
#zcore #zregion. #zThe #zbilayer #zserves #zas #za #zbarrier #zto #zthe #zdiffusion #zof #zwater #zand
#zhydrophilic #zsubstances #zwhile #zallowing #zlipid-soluble #zmolecules, #zsuch #zas #zoxygen
#z(O2) #zand #zcarbon #zdioxide #z(CO2), #zto #zdiffuse #zthrough #zit #zreadily. #zThe #zother #zoptions
#zdo #znot #zcorrectly #zdescribe #zthis #zprocess.
PTS: # z #z 1 REF: #zPages #z12-13
10. The #zfluid #zmosaic #zmodel #zexplains:
a. How #za #zcell #zmembrane #zfunctions
b. Why #zour #zbodies #zappear #zto #zbe #zsolid
c. How #ztissue #zis #zdifferentiated
d. How #zfluid #zmoves #zbetween #zthe #zintracellular #zand #zextracellular #zcompartments
ANS: # z A
The #zfluid #zmosaic #zmodel #zaccounts #zfor #zthe #zflexibility #zof #zcellular #zmembranes, #ztheir
self-sealing #zproperties, #zand #ztheir #zimpermeability #zto #zmany#zsubstances. #zThe #zremaining
#zoptions #zdo #znot #zexplain #zthe #zmosaic #zmodel.
#z #z #z #z #z # z
Chapter 1: Cellular Biology
#z #z #z
MULTIPLE #zCHOICE
1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
a. Cells can produce proteins. c. Cells can take in and use nutrients.
b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes. d. Cells can synthesize fats.
ANS: C
In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other substances from their
surroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their descriptions of cellular
metabolic absorption.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 2
2. Most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, is contained in the:
a. Mitochondria c. Nucleolus
b. Ribosome d. Lysosome
ANS: C
The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely of RNA,
most of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins, such as the histones, which
regulate its activity. The other options do not contain most of a cell’s genetic information.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 2
3. Which component of the cell prodNuUceRsSIhNyGd TroBg.CenO M
p erox ide (H2O2) by using oxygen to
remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
a. Lysosomes c. Ribosomes
b. Peroxisomes d. Oxyhydrosomes
ANS: B
Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use oxygen to remove
hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that produces H2O2, which
is a powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it accumulates or escapes from
peroxisomes. Ribosomes are RNA-protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are synthesized
in the nucleolus and secreted into the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear envelope
called nuclear pore complexes. Lysosomes are saclike structures that originate from the
Golgi complex and contain more than 40 digestive enzymes called hydrolases, which
catalyze bonds in proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. Oxyhydrosomesare
involved in enzyme production.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 8
4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during cell
injury?
a. Ribosome c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
b. Golgi complex d. Lysosomes
ANS: D
, The #zlysosomal #zmembrane #zacts #zas #za #zprotective #zshield #zbetween #zthe #zpowerful
#zdigestive #zenzymes #zwithin #zthe #zlysosome #zand #zthe #zcytoplasm, #zpreventing #ztheir
#zleakage #zinto #zthe #zcytoplasmic #zmatrix. #zDisruption #zof #zthe #zmembrane #zby #zvarious
#ztreatments #zor #zcellular #zinjury #zleads #zto #za #zrelease #zof #zthe #zlysosomal #zenzymes, #zwhich
#zcan #zthen #zreact #zwith #ztheir #zspecific #zsubstrates, #zcausing #zcellular #zself-digestion. #zThe
#zother #zoptions #zdo #znot #zcorrectly #zdescribe #zthis #zprocess.
PTS: # z #z 1 REF: #zPages #z7-8
5. What #zis #zthe #zsequence #zof #zsteps #zin #zthe #zdevelopment #zof #za #zdigestive #zenzyme #zby #zthe
#z pancreas #zcells #zfrom #zthe #zinitial #ztranscription #zto #zthe #zrelease #zfrom #zthe #zcell?
a. The #zenzyme #zis #ztranscribed #zfrom #zDNA #zby #zRNA #zin #zthe #znucleus, #zproceeds
to #zthe #zribosome #zfor #zsynthesis, #zand #zis #ztransported #zin #za #zsecretory #zvesicle
#z
to #zthe #zcell #zmembrane.
#z
b. The #zenzyme #zis #ztranscribed #zfrom #zRNA #zby #zDNA #zin #zthe #znucleus, #zproceeds #zto
#zthe #zlysosome #zfor #zsynthesis, #zand #zis #ztransported #zin #zan #zencapsulated #zmembrane
#zto #zthe #zcell #zmembrane.
c. The #zenzyme #zis #ztranscribed #zby #zthe #zmitochondria #zin #zthe #znucleus, #zproceeds #zto
#zthe #zribosome #zfor #zsynthesis, #zand #zis #ztransported #zin #za #zcytoskeleton #zto #zthe #zcell
#zmembrane.
d. The #zenzyme #zis #ztranscribed #zfrom #zDNA #zby #zRNA #zin #zthe #znucleus, #zproceeds
#zto #zthe #zGolgi #zcomplex #zfor #zsynthesis, #zand #zis #ztransported #zin #za #zcytosol #zto #zthe
#zcell #zmembrane.
ANS: # z A
The #zenzyme #zis #ztranscribed #zfrom #zDNA #zby #zRNA #zin #zthe #znucleus, #zproceeds #zto #zthe
#zribosome #zfor #zsynthesis, #zand #zis #ztransported #zin #za #zsecretory #zvesicle #zto #zthe #zcell
#zmembrane. #zThe #zother #zoptions #zdo #znot #zcorrectly #zdescribe #zthis #zprocess.
NURSINGTB.COM
PTS: # z #z 1 REF: #zPage #z7 #z| #zFigure #z1-5
6. During #zwhich #zphase #zof #zthe #zcell #zcycle #zis #zDNA #zsynthesized?
a. G1 c. G2
b. S d. # z M
ANS: # z B
The #zfour #zdesignated #zphases #zof #zthe #zcell #zcycle #zare: #z(1) #zthe #zG1 # z phase #z(G #z= #zgap),
#zwhich #zis #zthe #zperiod #zbetween #zthe #zM #zphase #z(M #z= #zmitosis) #zand #zthe #zstart #zof #zDNA
#zsynthesis; #z(2) #zthe #zS #zphase #z(S #z= #zsynthesis), #zduring #zwhich #zDNA #zis #zsynthesized #zin
#zthe #zcell #znucleus; #z(3) #zthe #zG2 # z phase, #zduring #zwhich #zRNA #zand #zprotein #zsynthesis
#zoccurs, #zthe #zperiod #zbetween #zthe #zcompletion #zof #zDNA #zsynthesis #zand #zthe #znext #zphase
#z(M); #zand #z(4) #zthe #zM #zphase, #zwhich #zincludes #znuclear #zand #zcytoplasmic #zdivision.
PTS: # z #z 1 REF: #zPage #z37
7. What #zorganic #zcompound #zfacilitates #ztransportation #zacross #zcell #zmembranes #zby
acting #zas #zreceptors, #ztransport #zchannels #zfor #zelectrolytes, #zand #zenzymes #zto #zdrive
#z
#zactive #zpumps?
a. Lipids c. Proteins
b. Proteases d. # z Carbohydrates
ANS: # z C
, Proteins #zact #zas #z(1) #zrecognition #zand #zbinding #zunits #z(receptors) #zfor #zsubstances #zmoving
#zin #zand #zout #zof #zthe #zcell; #z(2) #zpores #zor #ztransport #zchannels #zfor #zvarious #zelectrically
#zcharged #zparticles #zcalled #zions #zor #zelectrolytes #zand #zspecific #zcarriers #zfor #zamino #zacids
#zand #zmonosaccharides; #zand
(3) #zspecific #zenzymes #zthat #zdrive #zactive #zpumps #zthat #zpromote #zthe #zconcentration #zof
+
#zcertain #zions, #zparticularly #zpotassium #z(K ), #zwithin #zthe #zcell #zwhile #zkeeping
+
#zconcentrations #zof #zother #zions, #zfor #zexample, #zsodium #z(Na ), #zbelow #zthe #zconcentrations
#zfound #zin #zthe #zextracellular #zenvironment. #zThe #zother #zoptions #zdo #znot #zcorrectly
#zdescribe #zthis #zprocess.
PTS: # z #z 1 REF: #zPage #z13 #z| #zPage #z15
8. Understanding #zthe #zvarious #zsteps #zof #zproteolytic #zcascades, #zsuch #zas #zcaspase-
mediated #zapoptosis #zand #zcomplement #zcascades, #zmay #zbe #zuseful #zin #zdesigning #zdrug
#ztherapy #zfor #zwhich #zhuman #zdiseases?
a. Cardiac #zand #zvascular #zdisorders
b. Autoimmune #zand #zmalignant #zdisorders
c. Gastrointestinal #zand #zrenal #zdisorders
d. Endocrine #zand #zgastrointestinal #zdisorders
ANS: # z B
Understanding #zthe #zvarious #zsteps #zinvolved #zin #zthis #zprocess #zis #zcrucial #zfor #zdesigning
#zdrug #zinterventions. #zDysregulation #zof #zproteases #zfeatures #zprominently #zin #zmany #zhuman
#zdiseases, #zincluding #zcancer, #zautoimmunity, #zand #zneurodegenerative #zdisorders. #zThe
#zother #zoptions #zdo #znot #zcorrectly #zdescribe #zthis #zprocess.
PTS: # z #z 1 REF: # z Page #z15
9. Which #zstructure #zprevents #zwater-soluble #zmolecules #zfrom #zentering #zcells #zacross #zthe
plasma #z
#z NURSINGTB.COM
membrane?
a. Carbohydrate #zchains c. Membrane #zchannel #zproteins
b. Glycoprotein #zchannels d. # z Lipid #zbilayer
ANS: # z D
The #zbilayer’s #zstructure #zaccounts #zfor #zone #zof #zthe #zessential #zfunctions #zof #zthe #zplasma
#zmembrane. #zIt #zis #zimpermeable #zto #zmost #zwater-soluble #zmolecules #z(molecules #zthat
#zdissolve #zin #zwater) #zbecause #zthe #zwater-soluble #zmolecules #zare #zinsoluble #zin #zthe #zoily
#zcore #zregion. #zThe #zbilayer #zserves #zas #za #zbarrier #zto #zthe #zdiffusion #zof #zwater #zand
#zhydrophilic #zsubstances #zwhile #zallowing #zlipid-soluble #zmolecules, #zsuch #zas #zoxygen
#z(O2) #zand #zcarbon #zdioxide #z(CO2), #zto #zdiffuse #zthrough #zit #zreadily. #zThe #zother #zoptions
#zdo #znot #zcorrectly #zdescribe #zthis #zprocess.
PTS: # z #z 1 REF: #zPages #z12-13
10. The #zfluid #zmosaic #zmodel #zexplains:
a. How #za #zcell #zmembrane #zfunctions
b. Why #zour #zbodies #zappear #zto #zbe #zsolid
c. How #ztissue #zis #zdifferentiated
d. How #zfluid #zmoves #zbetween #zthe #zintracellular #zand #zextracellular #zcompartments
ANS: # z A
The #zfluid #zmosaic #zmodel #zaccounts #zfor #zthe #zflexibility #zof #zcellular #zmembranes, #ztheir
self-sealing #zproperties, #zand #ztheir #zimpermeability #zto #zmany#zsubstances. #zThe #zremaining
#zoptions #zdo #znot #zexplain #zthe #zmosaic #zmodel.
