PCCN 2026/2027 Exam Review Questions and
Revised Answers – Graded A+
1. Diabetes Insipidus (Sip): antidiuretic hormone is not secreted adequately, or the kidney is resistant to its ettect
2. Diabetes insipidus labs: 1. hypernatremia
2. elevated BUN/Cr
3. increased serum osmo >295
4. decreased urine osmo < 200
5. decreased urine speciḟic gravity < 1.005
6. Decreased ADH
7. Polydipsia
3. diabetes insipidus treatment: Desmopressin (vasopressin);
hydrochlorothiazide, hypotonic sol.
4. syndrome oḟ inappropriate (increased) ADH (SIADH): excessive secretion oḟ antidiuretic hormone
producing water retention in the body
5. SIADH Labs: Urine chemistry: Think CONCENTRATED.
ÏIncreased urine sodium
IÏncreased urine osmolarity
IÏncreased Urine Speciḟic Gravity > 1.030
ÏAs urine volume decreases, urine osmolarity increases. (decreased UOP)
1/
12
, Blood chemistry: Think DILUTE.
ÏDecreased serum sodium (dilutional hyponatremia)
ÏDecreased serum osmolarity (less than 270 mEq/L)
ÏAs serum volume increases, serum osmolarity decreases.
- Increased ADH
6. SIADH Treatment: Ḟluid restriction, IV hypertonic saline, Loop Diuretics, , na correction.
7. Diabetes Ketoacidosis Pathophysiology: - Too much glucose & too little insulin.
- Body compensates w/ osmotic diuresis
- Leads the the 3Ps (Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia) & glycourisa, dehydration & electrolyte imbalance.
- Leads to ḟat burning metabolism - ketone release - kussmaul breathing
2/
12
Revised Answers – Graded A+
1. Diabetes Insipidus (Sip): antidiuretic hormone is not secreted adequately, or the kidney is resistant to its ettect
2. Diabetes insipidus labs: 1. hypernatremia
2. elevated BUN/Cr
3. increased serum osmo >295
4. decreased urine osmo < 200
5. decreased urine speciḟic gravity < 1.005
6. Decreased ADH
7. Polydipsia
3. diabetes insipidus treatment: Desmopressin (vasopressin);
hydrochlorothiazide, hypotonic sol.
4. syndrome oḟ inappropriate (increased) ADH (SIADH): excessive secretion oḟ antidiuretic hormone
producing water retention in the body
5. SIADH Labs: Urine chemistry: Think CONCENTRATED.
ÏIncreased urine sodium
IÏncreased urine osmolarity
IÏncreased Urine Speciḟic Gravity > 1.030
ÏAs urine volume decreases, urine osmolarity increases. (decreased UOP)
1/
12
, Blood chemistry: Think DILUTE.
ÏDecreased serum sodium (dilutional hyponatremia)
ÏDecreased serum osmolarity (less than 270 mEq/L)
ÏAs serum volume increases, serum osmolarity decreases.
- Increased ADH
6. SIADH Treatment: Ḟluid restriction, IV hypertonic saline, Loop Diuretics, , na correction.
7. Diabetes Ketoacidosis Pathophysiology: - Too much glucose & too little insulin.
- Body compensates w/ osmotic diuresis
- Leads the the 3Ps (Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia) & glycourisa, dehydration & electrolyte imbalance.
- Leads to ḟat burning metabolism - ketone release - kussmaul breathing
2/
12
