GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2026
◉ Development is Multideminsional. Answer: Development has
biological, cognitive, and socioemotional dimensions.
Even within a dimension, there are many components. For example,
attention, memory, abstract thinking, speed of processing
information, and social intelligence are just a few of the components
of the cognitive dimension. No matter what your age might be, your
body, mind, emotions, and relationships are changing and affecting
each other.
◉ Development is plastic. Answer: Plasticity means the capacity for
change.
◉ Development is Lifelong. Answer: In the life-span perspective,
early adulthood is not the endpoint of development; rather, no age
period dominates development. Researchers increasingly study the
experiences and psychological orientations of adults at different
points in their lives.
◉ Development is Multidisciplinary. Answer: Psychologists,
sociologists, anthropologists, neuroscientists, and medical
,researchers all share an interest in unlocking the mysteries of
development through the life span.
◉ Development is Contextual. Answer: All development occurs
within a context, or setting.
Contexts include families, schools, peer groups, churches, cities,
neighborhoods, university laboratories, countries, and so on. Each of
these settings is influenced by historical, economic, social, and
cultural factors.
◉ Nature vs. Nurture. Answer: "Nature" refers to genetic factors
involved in development (heredity)
"Nurture" refers to environmental factors and experiences involved
in development
◉ Continuity vs. Discontinuity. Answer: "Continuity" theory says
that development is a gradual, continuous process.
"Discontinuity" theory says that development occurs in a series of
distinct stages.
, ◉ Stability vs. Change. Answer: Debate about whether we become
older renditions of our early experience (stability) or whether we
develop into someone different from who we were at an earlier
point in development (change).
◉ Frued's Psychosexual Theory of development. Answer: Theory
that as children grow up, their focus of pleasure and sexual impulses
shifts from the mouth to the anus and eventually to the genitals. As a
result, we go through five stages of psychosexual development: oral,
anal, phallic, latency, and genital. Our adult personality is
determined by the way we resolve conflicts between sources of
pleasure at each stage and the demands of reality.
◉ Erik Erikson's stages of Psychosocial development. Answer:
Pyschosocial theory that proposes eight stages of human
development. Each stage consists of a unique developmental task
that confronts individuals with a crisis that must be resolved.
1. Trust vs. Mistrust
2. Autonomy vs. Doubt/Shame
3. Initiative vs. Guilt
4. Industry vs. Inferiority
5. Identity vs. Confusion
6. Intimacy vs. Isolation
7. Generativity vs. Self-Absorption
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2026
◉ Development is Multideminsional. Answer: Development has
biological, cognitive, and socioemotional dimensions.
Even within a dimension, there are many components. For example,
attention, memory, abstract thinking, speed of processing
information, and social intelligence are just a few of the components
of the cognitive dimension. No matter what your age might be, your
body, mind, emotions, and relationships are changing and affecting
each other.
◉ Development is plastic. Answer: Plasticity means the capacity for
change.
◉ Development is Lifelong. Answer: In the life-span perspective,
early adulthood is not the endpoint of development; rather, no age
period dominates development. Researchers increasingly study the
experiences and psychological orientations of adults at different
points in their lives.
◉ Development is Multidisciplinary. Answer: Psychologists,
sociologists, anthropologists, neuroscientists, and medical
,researchers all share an interest in unlocking the mysteries of
development through the life span.
◉ Development is Contextual. Answer: All development occurs
within a context, or setting.
Contexts include families, schools, peer groups, churches, cities,
neighborhoods, university laboratories, countries, and so on. Each of
these settings is influenced by historical, economic, social, and
cultural factors.
◉ Nature vs. Nurture. Answer: "Nature" refers to genetic factors
involved in development (heredity)
"Nurture" refers to environmental factors and experiences involved
in development
◉ Continuity vs. Discontinuity. Answer: "Continuity" theory says
that development is a gradual, continuous process.
"Discontinuity" theory says that development occurs in a series of
distinct stages.
, ◉ Stability vs. Change. Answer: Debate about whether we become
older renditions of our early experience (stability) or whether we
develop into someone different from who we were at an earlier
point in development (change).
◉ Frued's Psychosexual Theory of development. Answer: Theory
that as children grow up, their focus of pleasure and sexual impulses
shifts from the mouth to the anus and eventually to the genitals. As a
result, we go through five stages of psychosexual development: oral,
anal, phallic, latency, and genital. Our adult personality is
determined by the way we resolve conflicts between sources of
pleasure at each stage and the demands of reality.
◉ Erik Erikson's stages of Psychosocial development. Answer:
Pyschosocial theory that proposes eight stages of human
development. Each stage consists of a unique developmental task
that confronts individuals with a crisis that must be resolved.
1. Trust vs. Mistrust
2. Autonomy vs. Doubt/Shame
3. Initiative vs. Guilt
4. Industry vs. Inferiority
5. Identity vs. Confusion
6. Intimacy vs. Isolation
7. Generativity vs. Self-Absorption
