CHEM 1020 FINAL PAPER 2026 TESTS
PACKAGE WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
GUARANTEED PASS
◉ Change in Free Energy Answer: -tells position and direction of a
reaction
-easier to calculate than entropy
◉ 1st law of thermodynamics Answer: the energy of the universe is
constant. (any energy lost by system is gained by surroundings and
vice versa)
◉ 2nd law of thermodynamics Answer: the entropy of the universe
increases in any spontaneous process
◉ 3rd law of thermodynamics Answer: the entropy of a perfectly
ordered crystalline substance at 0 K is 0.
◉ entropy Answer: a measure of how dispersed (Random) the
energy in a system is at a specific temperature
◉ Gibbs free energy equation Answer: ΔG = ΔH - TΔS
,◉ Why is free energy important? Answer: shows when a reaction is
spontaneous
◉ Exothermic Reaction feels... Answer: hot (reaction gives off heat
and surroundings get warm)
◉ Endothermic reaction feels... Answer: cold (reaction takes in heat
and surroundings get cold)
◉ equation of energy Answer: delta E= w + q
-since energy is neither created nor destroyed, the energy of the
system must equal the work done on or by the system plus the heat
gained or lost by the system
◉ Work equation Answer: w=-PdeltaV
◉ What happens to volume when work is done on system? Answer:
When work is done on system (+) the volume contracts (less gas)
and surroundings are larger
◉ What happens to volume when work is done by system? Answer:
When work is done by system (-) the volume expands (more gas)
and the surroundings are smaller
,◉ If heat enters system Answer: q (+), endothermic (cold
surroundings)
◉ if heat leaves system Answer: q (-), exothermic (hot surroundings)
◉ spontaneous reaction Answer: proceeds on its own without
continuous external influence under a given set of conditions
-may need a spark to initiate
-ex: diamond conversion to black carbon, rusting, combustion, cold
pack reaction
◉ non spontaneous reaction Answer: only proceeds in the presence
of a continuous external influence
◉ If a process is spontaneous in one direction... Answer: ...it will be
non-spontaneous in the other (irreversible)
◉ How does sign and magnitude of enthalpy change affect
spontaneity? Answer: sign and magnitude of enthalpy change affect
but do not determine spontaneity
◉ how is spontaneity determined? Answer: spontaneity is
determined by comparing the free energy of the system before and
after the reaction
, -spontaneous reactions move systems towards a lower free energy
position
-always moves toward a state of lower energy (more stable state)
◉ enthalpy Answer: a measure of the total energy of a system; the
sum of the internal energy and the pressure volume product of a
system
◉ Positive entropy is likely to be? Answer: Spontaneous!
Delta S universe= Delta S system + Delta S surroundings >0
◉ Entropy changes with: Answer: -increasing temp (high temp=
moving faster)
-increasing volume (more room to move)
-increasing number of independent particles (more collisions/ stuff)
-changes of state (particle organization)
-molecular structure (more bonds= more moving parts)
◉ What is the temperature where all molecular motion ceases and
entropy = 0? Answer: absolute zero
◉ Delta H of native elements Answer: 0
PACKAGE WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
GUARANTEED PASS
◉ Change in Free Energy Answer: -tells position and direction of a
reaction
-easier to calculate than entropy
◉ 1st law of thermodynamics Answer: the energy of the universe is
constant. (any energy lost by system is gained by surroundings and
vice versa)
◉ 2nd law of thermodynamics Answer: the entropy of the universe
increases in any spontaneous process
◉ 3rd law of thermodynamics Answer: the entropy of a perfectly
ordered crystalline substance at 0 K is 0.
◉ entropy Answer: a measure of how dispersed (Random) the
energy in a system is at a specific temperature
◉ Gibbs free energy equation Answer: ΔG = ΔH - TΔS
,◉ Why is free energy important? Answer: shows when a reaction is
spontaneous
◉ Exothermic Reaction feels... Answer: hot (reaction gives off heat
and surroundings get warm)
◉ Endothermic reaction feels... Answer: cold (reaction takes in heat
and surroundings get cold)
◉ equation of energy Answer: delta E= w + q
-since energy is neither created nor destroyed, the energy of the
system must equal the work done on or by the system plus the heat
gained or lost by the system
◉ Work equation Answer: w=-PdeltaV
◉ What happens to volume when work is done on system? Answer:
When work is done on system (+) the volume contracts (less gas)
and surroundings are larger
◉ What happens to volume when work is done by system? Answer:
When work is done by system (-) the volume expands (more gas)
and the surroundings are smaller
,◉ If heat enters system Answer: q (+), endothermic (cold
surroundings)
◉ if heat leaves system Answer: q (-), exothermic (hot surroundings)
◉ spontaneous reaction Answer: proceeds on its own without
continuous external influence under a given set of conditions
-may need a spark to initiate
-ex: diamond conversion to black carbon, rusting, combustion, cold
pack reaction
◉ non spontaneous reaction Answer: only proceeds in the presence
of a continuous external influence
◉ If a process is spontaneous in one direction... Answer: ...it will be
non-spontaneous in the other (irreversible)
◉ How does sign and magnitude of enthalpy change affect
spontaneity? Answer: sign and magnitude of enthalpy change affect
but do not determine spontaneity
◉ how is spontaneity determined? Answer: spontaneity is
determined by comparing the free energy of the system before and
after the reaction
, -spontaneous reactions move systems towards a lower free energy
position
-always moves toward a state of lower energy (more stable state)
◉ enthalpy Answer: a measure of the total energy of a system; the
sum of the internal energy and the pressure volume product of a
system
◉ Positive entropy is likely to be? Answer: Spontaneous!
Delta S universe= Delta S system + Delta S surroundings >0
◉ Entropy changes with: Answer: -increasing temp (high temp=
moving faster)
-increasing volume (more room to move)
-increasing number of independent particles (more collisions/ stuff)
-changes of state (particle organization)
-molecular structure (more bonds= more moving parts)
◉ What is the temperature where all molecular motion ceases and
entropy = 0? Answer: absolute zero
◉ Delta H of native elements Answer: 0
