FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING ACTUAL PAPER
2026 QUESTIONS SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ Novice Answer: Beginning nursing student or any nurse entering
a situation in which there is no previous experience. The learner
learns via a specific set of rules and procedures, which are usually
stepwise and linear.
◉ Advanced beginner Answer: A nurse who has had some level of
experience with the situation. This experience may only be
observational in nature, but the nurse is able to identify meaningful
aspects or principals of nursing care.
◉ Competent Answer: A nurse who has been in the same clinical
position for 2 to 3 years. This nurse understands the organization
and specific care required by the type of patients. He or she is a
competent practitioner who is able to anticipate nursing care and
establish long-range goals. In this phase the nurse has usually had
experience with all types of psychomotor skills required by this
specific group of patients.
◉ Proficient Answer: A nurse with more than 2 to 3 years
experience in the same clinical position. This nurse perceives a
patient's clinical situation as a whole, is able to assess an entire
situation, and can readily transfer knowledge gained from multiple
,previous experiences to a situation. This nurse focuses on managing
care as opposed to managing and performing skills.
◉ Expert Answer: A nurse with diverse experience who has an
intuitive grasp of an existing or potential clinical problem. This
nurse is able to zero in on the problem and focus on multiple
dimensions of the situation. He or she is skilled at identifying both
patient-centered problems and problems related to the health care
system or perhaps the needs of the novice nurse.
◉ What are the ANA Standards of Practice? Answer: a. Assessment
b. Diagnosis
c. Outcomes Identification
d. Planning
e. Implementation
f. Evaluation
◉ Assessment Answer: The registered nurse collects comprehensive
data pertinent to the patient's health and/or the situation.
◉ Diagnosis Answer: The registered nurse analyzes the assessment
data to determine the diagnosis or issues.
, ◉ Outcomes Identification Answer: The registered nurse identifies
expected outcomes for a plan individualized to the patient or the
situation.
◉ Implementation Answer: a. Coordination of care: The registered
nurse coordinates care delivery.
b. Health Teaching and Health Promotion: The registered nurse uses
strategies to promote health and a safe environment.
c. Consultation: The graduate level-prepared specialty nurse of
advanced practice registered nurse provides consultation to
influence the identified plan, enhance the abilities of others, and
effect change.
d. Prescriptive Authority and Treatment: The advanced practice
registered nurse uses prescriptive authority, procedures, referrals,
treatment, and therapies in accordance with state and federal laws
and regulations.
◉ Evaluation Answer: The registered nurse evaluates progress
toward attainment of outcomes.
◉ Define nursing (according to the American Nursing Association
[ANA]). Answer: is the protection, promotion, and optimization of
health and abilities; prevention of illness and injury; alleviation of
suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response;
and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and
populations.
2026 QUESTIONS SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ Novice Answer: Beginning nursing student or any nurse entering
a situation in which there is no previous experience. The learner
learns via a specific set of rules and procedures, which are usually
stepwise and linear.
◉ Advanced beginner Answer: A nurse who has had some level of
experience with the situation. This experience may only be
observational in nature, but the nurse is able to identify meaningful
aspects or principals of nursing care.
◉ Competent Answer: A nurse who has been in the same clinical
position for 2 to 3 years. This nurse understands the organization
and specific care required by the type of patients. He or she is a
competent practitioner who is able to anticipate nursing care and
establish long-range goals. In this phase the nurse has usually had
experience with all types of psychomotor skills required by this
specific group of patients.
◉ Proficient Answer: A nurse with more than 2 to 3 years
experience in the same clinical position. This nurse perceives a
patient's clinical situation as a whole, is able to assess an entire
situation, and can readily transfer knowledge gained from multiple
,previous experiences to a situation. This nurse focuses on managing
care as opposed to managing and performing skills.
◉ Expert Answer: A nurse with diverse experience who has an
intuitive grasp of an existing or potential clinical problem. This
nurse is able to zero in on the problem and focus on multiple
dimensions of the situation. He or she is skilled at identifying both
patient-centered problems and problems related to the health care
system or perhaps the needs of the novice nurse.
◉ What are the ANA Standards of Practice? Answer: a. Assessment
b. Diagnosis
c. Outcomes Identification
d. Planning
e. Implementation
f. Evaluation
◉ Assessment Answer: The registered nurse collects comprehensive
data pertinent to the patient's health and/or the situation.
◉ Diagnosis Answer: The registered nurse analyzes the assessment
data to determine the diagnosis or issues.
, ◉ Outcomes Identification Answer: The registered nurse identifies
expected outcomes for a plan individualized to the patient or the
situation.
◉ Implementation Answer: a. Coordination of care: The registered
nurse coordinates care delivery.
b. Health Teaching and Health Promotion: The registered nurse uses
strategies to promote health and a safe environment.
c. Consultation: The graduate level-prepared specialty nurse of
advanced practice registered nurse provides consultation to
influence the identified plan, enhance the abilities of others, and
effect change.
d. Prescriptive Authority and Treatment: The advanced practice
registered nurse uses prescriptive authority, procedures, referrals,
treatment, and therapies in accordance with state and federal laws
and regulations.
◉ Evaluation Answer: The registered nurse evaluates progress
toward attainment of outcomes.
◉ Define nursing (according to the American Nursing Association
[ANA]). Answer: is the protection, promotion, and optimization of
health and abilities; prevention of illness and injury; alleviation of
suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response;
and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and
populations.
