FNDH 400 EXAM 3 FINAL PAPER EXAM FULL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
ALREADY PASSED 2026.
◍ Water-soluble vitamins. Answer: Vitamin B & C
◍ B vitamins. Answer: A group of vitamins that were discovered and
classified with non-sequential numbers due to multiple compounds
and some being abandoned.
◍ Macrominerals. Answer: Minerals needed in the highest quantity,
ranging from 1200 g to 25 g.
◍ Trace minerals. Answer: Minerals needed in intermediate
quantities, ranging from 4 g to 1 mg.
◍ Ultratrace minerals. Answer: Minerals needed in the lowest
quantity, ranging from 1 g to 0.1 mg.
◍ DRIs. Answer: Dietary Reference Intakes; quantitative advice to
professionals about amounts of nutrients or food components to be
beneficial.
,◍ EAR. Answer: Estimated Average Requirement; a nutritional
estimate of nutrients based on research covering the needs for about
50% of the population.
◍ RDA. Answer: Recommended Dietary Allowance; calculated as
EAR + 2SD, meeting the nutritional requirements of 97.5% of the
population.
◍ AI. Answer: Adequate Intake; set when an RDA cannot be
established, indicating a level that seems adequate for a defined
population.
◍ UL. Answer: Tolerable Upper Intake Level; indicates how much of
a specific nutrient is safe to consume without risking adverse health
effects.
◍ NOAEL. Answer: No Observed Adverse Effect Level; a level used
to set UL.
◍ LOAEL. Answer: Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level; a level
used to set UL.
◍ Safety factors. Answer: Uncertainty factors added to NOAEL or
LOAEL to decrease the chance of adverse effects when setting UL.
◍ Nutritional estimate. Answer: A calculation based on research of
people's necessities to determine nutrient needs.
, ◍ Nutritional requirements. Answer: Specific amounts of nutrients
needed to meet health standards for a population.
◍ Research applicability. Answer: The necessity of applicable
research to set EAR and subsequently RDA.
◍ RDA reliability. Answer: RDAs are considered more reliable than
AIs due to being based on applicable research.
◍ Nutrient safety. Answer: The assurance that a specific nutrient can
be consumed without adverse health effects, as indicated by UL.
◍ Non-sequential B vitamins. Answer: B vitamins that are not
numbered in order due to historical discoveries and reclassifications.
◍ Nutrient compounds. Answer: Multiple compounds that make up
certain vitamins, particularly in the B vitamin group.
◍ Free radical. Answer: A molecule with an unpaired electron in an
outside orbital that looks for an electron to steal from other molecules,
oxidizing them, highly reactive.
◍ Reactive oxygen species (ROS). Answer: Unstable, oxygen-
carrying molecules that seek out other molecules to react with; some
are oxygen-containing free radicals.
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
ALREADY PASSED 2026.
◍ Water-soluble vitamins. Answer: Vitamin B & C
◍ B vitamins. Answer: A group of vitamins that were discovered and
classified with non-sequential numbers due to multiple compounds
and some being abandoned.
◍ Macrominerals. Answer: Minerals needed in the highest quantity,
ranging from 1200 g to 25 g.
◍ Trace minerals. Answer: Minerals needed in intermediate
quantities, ranging from 4 g to 1 mg.
◍ Ultratrace minerals. Answer: Minerals needed in the lowest
quantity, ranging from 1 g to 0.1 mg.
◍ DRIs. Answer: Dietary Reference Intakes; quantitative advice to
professionals about amounts of nutrients or food components to be
beneficial.
,◍ EAR. Answer: Estimated Average Requirement; a nutritional
estimate of nutrients based on research covering the needs for about
50% of the population.
◍ RDA. Answer: Recommended Dietary Allowance; calculated as
EAR + 2SD, meeting the nutritional requirements of 97.5% of the
population.
◍ AI. Answer: Adequate Intake; set when an RDA cannot be
established, indicating a level that seems adequate for a defined
population.
◍ UL. Answer: Tolerable Upper Intake Level; indicates how much of
a specific nutrient is safe to consume without risking adverse health
effects.
◍ NOAEL. Answer: No Observed Adverse Effect Level; a level used
to set UL.
◍ LOAEL. Answer: Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level; a level
used to set UL.
◍ Safety factors. Answer: Uncertainty factors added to NOAEL or
LOAEL to decrease the chance of adverse effects when setting UL.
◍ Nutritional estimate. Answer: A calculation based on research of
people's necessities to determine nutrient needs.
, ◍ Nutritional requirements. Answer: Specific amounts of nutrients
needed to meet health standards for a population.
◍ Research applicability. Answer: The necessity of applicable
research to set EAR and subsequently RDA.
◍ RDA reliability. Answer: RDAs are considered more reliable than
AIs due to being based on applicable research.
◍ Nutrient safety. Answer: The assurance that a specific nutrient can
be consumed without adverse health effects, as indicated by UL.
◍ Non-sequential B vitamins. Answer: B vitamins that are not
numbered in order due to historical discoveries and reclassifications.
◍ Nutrient compounds. Answer: Multiple compounds that make up
certain vitamins, particularly in the B vitamin group.
◍ Free radical. Answer: A molecule with an unpaired electron in an
outside orbital that looks for an electron to steal from other molecules,
oxidizing them, highly reactive.
◍ Reactive oxygen species (ROS). Answer: Unstable, oxygen-
carrying molecules that seek out other molecules to react with; some
are oxygen-containing free radicals.
