FNDH 400 EXAM 3 EXAM PREP QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS FOR THE FINAL PAPER 2026.
◍ Vitamin B numbers are... Answer: Not sequential
◍ What is Factor A? Answer: Later became known as Vitamin A
◍ What is Factor B? Answer: Later became known as two factors (B1
and B2)
◍ Which is fat-soluble and which is water-soluble? Answer: Factor A
(Fat-soluble) & Factor B (Water-soluble)
◍ A deficiency in Factor A results in what? Answer: ophthalmia (eye
inflammation)
◍ A deficiency in Factor B results in what? Answer: Beriberi
◍ A number of B vitamins serve as: Answer: Cofactors/coenzymes
◍ What is the cofactor/coenzyme for Thiamin? Answer: Thiamin
Pyrophosphate (TTP)
,◍ What is the cofactor/coenzyme for Riboflavin? Answer: Flavin
Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD)
◍ What is the cofactor/coenzyme for Flavin Mononucleotide (FMN):
Answer: ---
◍ What is the cofactor/coenzyme for Niacin? Answer: Nicotine
Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD)
◍ What is the cofactor/coenzyme for Nicotine Adenine Dinucleotide
Phosphate (NADHP)? Answer: ---
◍ What is the cofactor/coenzyme for Pantothenic Acid? Answer:
Coenzyme A
◍ What is the cofactor/coenzyme for Vitamin B6? Answer: Pyridoxal
Phosphate (PLP)
◍ What is the cofactor/coenzyme for Biotin? Answer: ---
◍ What is the cofactor/coenzyme for Folate? Answer:
Tetrahydrofolate (THF)
◍ What is the cofactor/coenzyme for Vitmain B12? Answer:
Adenosylcobalamin Methylcobalamin
,◍ Why are there no vitamin B4, B8, B10, or B11? Answer: They
were discovered, but eventually they found to be something already
discovered
◍ What are Minerals? Answer: subset of elements that are essential
for body functions that cannot be synthesized in the body
◍ Know the difference between macrominerals, trace, and ultratrace
Answer: Categorized by the amount required and found in the body
-Macrominerals > Trace minerals > Ultratrace minerals
◍ Macrominerals: Answer: Calcium (Ca), Chloride (Cl^a),
Magnesium (Mg), Phosphorus (P)^b, Potassium (K), Sodium (Na)
◍ Trace Minerals: Answer: Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), Fluoride
(F), Iodine (I), Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn), Molybdenum (Mo),
Selenium (Se), Zinc (Zn)
◍ Ultratrace Minerals: Answer: Arsenic (As), Boron (B), Nickel (Ni),
Silicon (Si), Vanadium (V)
A) Chloride ion (Cl-)
B) Phosphate in body (PO4)
◍ What is the difference between macrominerals, trace minerals, and
ultratrace minerals? Answer: Some are required in larger amounts
than others
, ◍ Different components of the DRIs: Answer: EAR, RDA, AI, and
UL
◍ DRIs: Answer: Dietary Reference Intakes
-provide quantitative advice to professionals about amounts of
nutrients of food components to be of benefit
◍ Dietary Guidelines: Answer: provide qualitative advice to the
public about diet and chronic disease prevention and maintaining
health
◍ EAR: Answer: Estimated Average Requirements
-Average daily nutrient intake level to meet the requirement of 50% of
population; need to have research available
◍ RDA: Answer: Recommended Daily Allowance
-Assess the quality of peoples diets; calculated using the EAR (RDA
= EAR + 2 standard deviations) (requirement estimated to meet the
needs of 97.5% of population
◍ The EAR needs to be set before Answer: An RDA can be set
◍ EAR vs RDA inadequacy: Answer: EAR = 50% & RDA = 2.5%
AND ANSWERS FOR THE FINAL PAPER 2026.
◍ Vitamin B numbers are... Answer: Not sequential
◍ What is Factor A? Answer: Later became known as Vitamin A
◍ What is Factor B? Answer: Later became known as two factors (B1
and B2)
◍ Which is fat-soluble and which is water-soluble? Answer: Factor A
(Fat-soluble) & Factor B (Water-soluble)
◍ A deficiency in Factor A results in what? Answer: ophthalmia (eye
inflammation)
◍ A deficiency in Factor B results in what? Answer: Beriberi
◍ A number of B vitamins serve as: Answer: Cofactors/coenzymes
◍ What is the cofactor/coenzyme for Thiamin? Answer: Thiamin
Pyrophosphate (TTP)
,◍ What is the cofactor/coenzyme for Riboflavin? Answer: Flavin
Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD)
◍ What is the cofactor/coenzyme for Flavin Mononucleotide (FMN):
Answer: ---
◍ What is the cofactor/coenzyme for Niacin? Answer: Nicotine
Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD)
◍ What is the cofactor/coenzyme for Nicotine Adenine Dinucleotide
Phosphate (NADHP)? Answer: ---
◍ What is the cofactor/coenzyme for Pantothenic Acid? Answer:
Coenzyme A
◍ What is the cofactor/coenzyme for Vitamin B6? Answer: Pyridoxal
Phosphate (PLP)
◍ What is the cofactor/coenzyme for Biotin? Answer: ---
◍ What is the cofactor/coenzyme for Folate? Answer:
Tetrahydrofolate (THF)
◍ What is the cofactor/coenzyme for Vitmain B12? Answer:
Adenosylcobalamin Methylcobalamin
,◍ Why are there no vitamin B4, B8, B10, or B11? Answer: They
were discovered, but eventually they found to be something already
discovered
◍ What are Minerals? Answer: subset of elements that are essential
for body functions that cannot be synthesized in the body
◍ Know the difference between macrominerals, trace, and ultratrace
Answer: Categorized by the amount required and found in the body
-Macrominerals > Trace minerals > Ultratrace minerals
◍ Macrominerals: Answer: Calcium (Ca), Chloride (Cl^a),
Magnesium (Mg), Phosphorus (P)^b, Potassium (K), Sodium (Na)
◍ Trace Minerals: Answer: Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), Fluoride
(F), Iodine (I), Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn), Molybdenum (Mo),
Selenium (Se), Zinc (Zn)
◍ Ultratrace Minerals: Answer: Arsenic (As), Boron (B), Nickel (Ni),
Silicon (Si), Vanadium (V)
A) Chloride ion (Cl-)
B) Phosphate in body (PO4)
◍ What is the difference between macrominerals, trace minerals, and
ultratrace minerals? Answer: Some are required in larger amounts
than others
, ◍ Different components of the DRIs: Answer: EAR, RDA, AI, and
UL
◍ DRIs: Answer: Dietary Reference Intakes
-provide quantitative advice to professionals about amounts of
nutrients of food components to be of benefit
◍ Dietary Guidelines: Answer: provide qualitative advice to the
public about diet and chronic disease prevention and maintaining
health
◍ EAR: Answer: Estimated Average Requirements
-Average daily nutrient intake level to meet the requirement of 50% of
population; need to have research available
◍ RDA: Answer: Recommended Daily Allowance
-Assess the quality of peoples diets; calculated using the EAR (RDA
= EAR + 2 standard deviations) (requirement estimated to meet the
needs of 97.5% of population
◍ The EAR needs to be set before Answer: An RDA can be set
◍ EAR vs RDA inadequacy: Answer: EAR = 50% & RDA = 2.5%
