BIO 235 MIDTERM 1 ACTUAL EXAM PAPER
2026 QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
⩥ fluid within the cells. Answer: intracellular fluid
⩥ fluid outside the cells. Answer: extracellular fluid
⩥ ECF that fills narrow space between cells of tissues. Answer:
interstitial fluid
⩥ what is the monitored variable called in a feedback loop. Answer:
controlled condition
⩥ what is the stimulus. Answer: any disruption that changes a controlled
condition
⩥ what's the receptor. Answer: body structure monitoring the changes of
a controlled condition and sends inputs
⩥ what is an afferent pathway-input. Answer: flows towards the control
center (nerve impulse or chemical signal)
,⩥ what is the control center. Answer: sets the range of values within
which a controlled condition should be maintained; evaluates the input it
receives from receptors and generates output commands when they are
needed
⩥ efferent pathway. Answer: flow away from control center to effector
⩥ effector. Answer: body structure receiving output and brings about
change and produces a response that alters the controlled condition
⩥ negative feedback system. Answer: reverses a change in a controlled
condition
⩥ positive feedback loop. Answer: strengthens or reinforces a change in
the controlled condition until its interrupted-effector produces a response
that reinforces the initial change-child birth
⩥ disorder. Answer: abnormality of a structure or function
⩥ disease. Answer: illness characterized by a recognizable set of signs
and symptoms
⩥ symptom. Answer: subjective changes not visible to the observer
,⩥ sign. Answer: objective changes visible to the observer (doctor)
⩥ prone. Answer: body is lying face down
⩥ supine. Answer: body is lying face up
⩥ ipsilateral. Answer: same side
⩥ contralateral. Answer: different sides
⩥ superficial. Answer: towards the surface of the skin
⩥ deep. Answer: away from surface of the skin
⩥ sagittal plane. Answer: divides the body into left and right
⩥ Midsagittal (median) plane. Answer: divides into equal left and right
sides
⩥ parasagittal plane. Answer: unequal sides left and right
, ⩥ fronta (coronal plane). Answer: divides front and back
(anterior/posterior)
⩥ transverse plane. Answer: superior and inferior top and bottom
(horizontal plane cross-sectional)
⩥ oblique plane. Answer: anything but 90 degrees
⩥ cranial cavity. Answer: contains head
⩥ Vertebral (spine) cavity. Answer: contains spinal cord and vertebral
column-continuous of the cranial cavity
⩥ Meninges. Answer: layers of protective tissue surround the brain and
spinal cord
⩥ thoracic cavity. Answer: chest, ribs, sternum muscles of the chest and
a thoracic portion of the vertebral column
⩥ pericardial cavity. Answer: surrounds the heart
⩥ pleura cavity. Answer: surrounds lungs
2026 QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
⩥ fluid within the cells. Answer: intracellular fluid
⩥ fluid outside the cells. Answer: extracellular fluid
⩥ ECF that fills narrow space between cells of tissues. Answer:
interstitial fluid
⩥ what is the monitored variable called in a feedback loop. Answer:
controlled condition
⩥ what is the stimulus. Answer: any disruption that changes a controlled
condition
⩥ what's the receptor. Answer: body structure monitoring the changes of
a controlled condition and sends inputs
⩥ what is an afferent pathway-input. Answer: flows towards the control
center (nerve impulse or chemical signal)
,⩥ what is the control center. Answer: sets the range of values within
which a controlled condition should be maintained; evaluates the input it
receives from receptors and generates output commands when they are
needed
⩥ efferent pathway. Answer: flow away from control center to effector
⩥ effector. Answer: body structure receiving output and brings about
change and produces a response that alters the controlled condition
⩥ negative feedback system. Answer: reverses a change in a controlled
condition
⩥ positive feedback loop. Answer: strengthens or reinforces a change in
the controlled condition until its interrupted-effector produces a response
that reinforces the initial change-child birth
⩥ disorder. Answer: abnormality of a structure or function
⩥ disease. Answer: illness characterized by a recognizable set of signs
and symptoms
⩥ symptom. Answer: subjective changes not visible to the observer
,⩥ sign. Answer: objective changes visible to the observer (doctor)
⩥ prone. Answer: body is lying face down
⩥ supine. Answer: body is lying face up
⩥ ipsilateral. Answer: same side
⩥ contralateral. Answer: different sides
⩥ superficial. Answer: towards the surface of the skin
⩥ deep. Answer: away from surface of the skin
⩥ sagittal plane. Answer: divides the body into left and right
⩥ Midsagittal (median) plane. Answer: divides into equal left and right
sides
⩥ parasagittal plane. Answer: unequal sides left and right
, ⩥ fronta (coronal plane). Answer: divides front and back
(anterior/posterior)
⩥ transverse plane. Answer: superior and inferior top and bottom
(horizontal plane cross-sectional)
⩥ oblique plane. Answer: anything but 90 degrees
⩥ cranial cavity. Answer: contains head
⩥ Vertebral (spine) cavity. Answer: contains spinal cord and vertebral
column-continuous of the cranial cavity
⩥ Meninges. Answer: layers of protective tissue surround the brain and
spinal cord
⩥ thoracic cavity. Answer: chest, ribs, sternum muscles of the chest and
a thoracic portion of the vertebral column
⩥ pericardial cavity. Answer: surrounds the heart
⩥ pleura cavity. Answer: surrounds lungs
