FNDH 400 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Carbohydrates are made of - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
Proteins are made of - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Carbon, Hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
Lipids include - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅fatty acids, triglycerides, phospholipids
Lipids are made of - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
Macronutrients definition - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Nutrients needed in large amounts
Micronutrients definition - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Nutrients needed in smaller amounts but still
important
What are the macronutrients? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Carbs, Proteins, Lipids, Water
What are the micronutrients? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Vitamins and minerals
What is a vitamin - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅COMPOUNDS essential for normal physiological processes
What is a mineral - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅ELEMENTS essential for normal physiological processes in the
body
What is a calorie? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Energy needed to raise 1 g of water 1 degree C
How are kcals determined - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅A food is put into a bomb calorimeter and the
energy output is determined by the heat produced
Kcal/g of the nutrients - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Carbs: 4
,Proteins: 4
Lipids: 9
Vitamins, Minerals, Water: 0
Alcohol: 7 (but not a nutrient)
Phytochemical definition - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Compounds found in plants that are believed to
provide healthy benefits beyond the traditional nutrients
Phytochemical found in tomatoes that is thought to decrease cancer risk (esp. prostate) - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅Lycopene
Diets rich in _____ and ___ have been shown with a decreased rate in chronic diseases. - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅fruits and vegetables
Zoochemicals - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Compounds found in animals that are believed to provide
healthy benefits beyond the traditional nutrients
Compounds that are both phyto and zoochemicals - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Lutein and Zeaxanthin -
yellow carotenoids found in kale, spinach, and corn. or found in egg yolk
Functional food defintion - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅A food, or food ingredient, that may provide a health
benefit beyond the traditional nutrients it contains
Scientific method - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅
3 types of studies - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Cross-sectional: Present
Case-control: Past
Prospective cohort: future
, Cross-sectional study - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Compare different populations at the same point in time
Example of a cross-sectional study - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅French paradox. Despite consuming same
amount of cholesterol/saturated fat france had 5x lower death rate from coronary heart disease. Led to
research into resveratol (red wine)
Ecologic fallacy - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Believing that members of the group have characteristcs, which
as individuals they do not
Case control study - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Look at a group of cases vs controls
Retrospective
Often uses food frequency questionnaires
Prospective Cohort study - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Initial information on a group collected (food
frequency questionnaire) and then group is followed over time to quantify health outcomes of the
individual
Framingham Heart Study - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Started in 1948
Following residents to identify risk factors for heart disease
Nurses Health Study - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Started in 1976
Every 4 years, 122k nurses are given food frequency questionnaires
Health Professionals Follow up study - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Started in 1986
51K male health professionals
Every 4 years, food frequency questionnaires
From the Health Professionals Follow Up study, what was determined - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Tomato
sauce, tomatoes, pizza, and strawberries had decreased incidence of prostate cancer
Carbohydrates are made of - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
Proteins are made of - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Carbon, Hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
Lipids include - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅fatty acids, triglycerides, phospholipids
Lipids are made of - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
Macronutrients definition - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Nutrients needed in large amounts
Micronutrients definition - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Nutrients needed in smaller amounts but still
important
What are the macronutrients? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Carbs, Proteins, Lipids, Water
What are the micronutrients? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Vitamins and minerals
What is a vitamin - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅COMPOUNDS essential for normal physiological processes
What is a mineral - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅ELEMENTS essential for normal physiological processes in the
body
What is a calorie? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Energy needed to raise 1 g of water 1 degree C
How are kcals determined - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅A food is put into a bomb calorimeter and the
energy output is determined by the heat produced
Kcal/g of the nutrients - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Carbs: 4
,Proteins: 4
Lipids: 9
Vitamins, Minerals, Water: 0
Alcohol: 7 (but not a nutrient)
Phytochemical definition - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Compounds found in plants that are believed to
provide healthy benefits beyond the traditional nutrients
Phytochemical found in tomatoes that is thought to decrease cancer risk (esp. prostate) - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅Lycopene
Diets rich in _____ and ___ have been shown with a decreased rate in chronic diseases. - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅fruits and vegetables
Zoochemicals - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Compounds found in animals that are believed to provide
healthy benefits beyond the traditional nutrients
Compounds that are both phyto and zoochemicals - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Lutein and Zeaxanthin -
yellow carotenoids found in kale, spinach, and corn. or found in egg yolk
Functional food defintion - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅A food, or food ingredient, that may provide a health
benefit beyond the traditional nutrients it contains
Scientific method - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅
3 types of studies - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Cross-sectional: Present
Case-control: Past
Prospective cohort: future
, Cross-sectional study - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Compare different populations at the same point in time
Example of a cross-sectional study - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅French paradox. Despite consuming same
amount of cholesterol/saturated fat france had 5x lower death rate from coronary heart disease. Led to
research into resveratol (red wine)
Ecologic fallacy - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Believing that members of the group have characteristcs, which
as individuals they do not
Case control study - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Look at a group of cases vs controls
Retrospective
Often uses food frequency questionnaires
Prospective Cohort study - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Initial information on a group collected (food
frequency questionnaire) and then group is followed over time to quantify health outcomes of the
individual
Framingham Heart Study - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Started in 1948
Following residents to identify risk factors for heart disease
Nurses Health Study - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Started in 1976
Every 4 years, 122k nurses are given food frequency questionnaires
Health Professionals Follow up study - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Started in 1986
51K male health professionals
Every 4 years, food frequency questionnaires
From the Health Professionals Follow Up study, what was determined - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Tomato
sauce, tomatoes, pizza, and strawberries had decreased incidence of prostate cancer
