AQA A LeveL Chemistry exAm 2026: CompLete
Questions with ACCurAte Answers| GuArAnteed
pAss | LAtest version
1. What makes transition metal characteristics - ANSWER incomplete d sub-
level in atoms or ions
2. 4 main characteristics of Transition metals - ANSWER complex formation,
formation of coloured ions, variable oxidation state, catalytic activity
3. what is a complex - ANSWER a central metal ion surrounded by ligands
4. what is a ligand - ANSWER An atom, ion or molecule which can donate a
lone electron pair
5. what is a coordinate bond - ANSWER Co-ordinate bonding is when the
shared pair of electrons in the covalent bond come from only one of the
bonding atoms
6. what is coordination number - ANSWER The number of co-ordinate bonds
formed to a central metal ion
7. why is carbon monoxide toxic - ANSWER CO is toxic to humans as CO can
from a strong coordinate bond with haemoglobin. This is a stronger bond
than that made with oxygen and so it replaces the oxygen attaching to the
haemoglobin
,8. what is the chelate effect - ANSWER The substitution of monodentate
ligand with a bidentate or a multidentate ligand leads to a more stable
complex. This chelate effect can be explained in terms of a positive entropy
change in these reactions as more molecules of products than reactants
9. type of isomerism shown in square planar/octahedral complexes - ANSWER
E-Z
10.isomerism shown only in octahedral complexes - ANSWER Complexes with
3 bidentate ligands can form two optical isomers (non-superimposable
mirror images)
11.Relative atomic mass - ANSWER The average mass of an atom of an
element, relative to 1/12th of the mass of an atom of Carbon-12
12.Relative molecular mass - ANSWER Average mass of a molecule compared
to 1/12th of the mass of a carbon-12 atom
13.The Avogradro constant - ANSWER the number of particles in a mole
14.ideal gas equation - ANSWER pV = nRT
15.empirical formula - ANSWER the simplest whole number ratio of atoms of
each element in a compound
16.percentage atom economy - ANSWER (Mass of desired product/total mass
of reactants) x 100
,17.ionic bonding - ANSWER the electrostatic attraction between oppositely
charged ions in a lattice
18.covalent bond - ANSWER a shared pair of electrons between non-metal
elements
19.co-ordinate bond - ANSWER a shared pair of electrons where both electrons
are supplied by one atom
20.repulsion in shapes of molecules - ANSWER Lone pair-lone pair > lone
pair-bonding pair > bonding pair-bonding pair
21.electronegativity - ANSWER the power of an atom to attract the pair of
electrons in a covalent bond
22.Benzene - ANSWER An unsaturated carbon ring, with delocalised electrons
in the centre, which cannot undergo addition reactions
23.152 - ANSWER Benzene is more stable than cyclohexene by a certain
enthalpy change
24.Electrophilic Substitution - ANSWER The mechanism to add a different R
group to a benzene ring. This is the main type of reaction that occurs as the
benzene ring is an area of high electron density so requires like charge
displacement. The ring is also very stable so the reaction has to be of a high
energy to destabilise the ring
25.Nitration - ANSWER The substitution of NO2 for one of the H on a benzene
rings
, 26.TNT - ANSWER Main use of a specific nitrated arene
27.Friedel-Crafts Acylation - ANSWER The substitution mechanism catalysed
by AlCl3. Which reforms at the end of the reaction
28.What are carbonyls - ANSWER compounds with a C=O bond
29.When is it an aldehyde? - ANSWER when C=O is on the end of the chain
with an H attached
30.When is it a ketone? - ANSWER if the C=O is in the middle of the chain
31.What intermolecular forces are in carbonyls? - ANSWER cant hydrogen
bond but have permanent dipole forces
32.Why are smaller carbonyls soluble in water? - ANSWER because they can
form hydrogen bonds with water
33.Why is the C=O bond polarised? - ANSWER because O is more
leectronegative than carbon,
34.what does postiive carbon atom do? - ANSWER attracts nucelophiles
35.Contrast between C=O and C=C in alkenes? - ANSWER C=O is stronger
and does not undergo addition reactions easily
Questions with ACCurAte Answers| GuArAnteed
pAss | LAtest version
1. What makes transition metal characteristics - ANSWER incomplete d sub-
level in atoms or ions
2. 4 main characteristics of Transition metals - ANSWER complex formation,
formation of coloured ions, variable oxidation state, catalytic activity
3. what is a complex - ANSWER a central metal ion surrounded by ligands
4. what is a ligand - ANSWER An atom, ion or molecule which can donate a
lone electron pair
5. what is a coordinate bond - ANSWER Co-ordinate bonding is when the
shared pair of electrons in the covalent bond come from only one of the
bonding atoms
6. what is coordination number - ANSWER The number of co-ordinate bonds
formed to a central metal ion
7. why is carbon monoxide toxic - ANSWER CO is toxic to humans as CO can
from a strong coordinate bond with haemoglobin. This is a stronger bond
than that made with oxygen and so it replaces the oxygen attaching to the
haemoglobin
,8. what is the chelate effect - ANSWER The substitution of monodentate
ligand with a bidentate or a multidentate ligand leads to a more stable
complex. This chelate effect can be explained in terms of a positive entropy
change in these reactions as more molecules of products than reactants
9. type of isomerism shown in square planar/octahedral complexes - ANSWER
E-Z
10.isomerism shown only in octahedral complexes - ANSWER Complexes with
3 bidentate ligands can form two optical isomers (non-superimposable
mirror images)
11.Relative atomic mass - ANSWER The average mass of an atom of an
element, relative to 1/12th of the mass of an atom of Carbon-12
12.Relative molecular mass - ANSWER Average mass of a molecule compared
to 1/12th of the mass of a carbon-12 atom
13.The Avogradro constant - ANSWER the number of particles in a mole
14.ideal gas equation - ANSWER pV = nRT
15.empirical formula - ANSWER the simplest whole number ratio of atoms of
each element in a compound
16.percentage atom economy - ANSWER (Mass of desired product/total mass
of reactants) x 100
,17.ionic bonding - ANSWER the electrostatic attraction between oppositely
charged ions in a lattice
18.covalent bond - ANSWER a shared pair of electrons between non-metal
elements
19.co-ordinate bond - ANSWER a shared pair of electrons where both electrons
are supplied by one atom
20.repulsion in shapes of molecules - ANSWER Lone pair-lone pair > lone
pair-bonding pair > bonding pair-bonding pair
21.electronegativity - ANSWER the power of an atom to attract the pair of
electrons in a covalent bond
22.Benzene - ANSWER An unsaturated carbon ring, with delocalised electrons
in the centre, which cannot undergo addition reactions
23.152 - ANSWER Benzene is more stable than cyclohexene by a certain
enthalpy change
24.Electrophilic Substitution - ANSWER The mechanism to add a different R
group to a benzene ring. This is the main type of reaction that occurs as the
benzene ring is an area of high electron density so requires like charge
displacement. The ring is also very stable so the reaction has to be of a high
energy to destabilise the ring
25.Nitration - ANSWER The substitution of NO2 for one of the H on a benzene
rings
, 26.TNT - ANSWER Main use of a specific nitrated arene
27.Friedel-Crafts Acylation - ANSWER The substitution mechanism catalysed
by AlCl3. Which reforms at the end of the reaction
28.What are carbonyls - ANSWER compounds with a C=O bond
29.When is it an aldehyde? - ANSWER when C=O is on the end of the chain
with an H attached
30.When is it a ketone? - ANSWER if the C=O is in the middle of the chain
31.What intermolecular forces are in carbonyls? - ANSWER cant hydrogen
bond but have permanent dipole forces
32.Why are smaller carbonyls soluble in water? - ANSWER because they can
form hydrogen bonds with water
33.Why is the C=O bond polarised? - ANSWER because O is more
leectronegative than carbon,
34.what does postiive carbon atom do? - ANSWER attracts nucelophiles
35.Contrast between C=O and C=C in alkenes? - ANSWER C=O is stronger
and does not undergo addition reactions easily
