NR507/NR 507 MIDTERM ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY | QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS| 100% CORRECT |
GRADE A – CHAMBERLAIN 2026
Questions 1–50
1. A common event during cellular reproduction resulting in the constant occurrence of
isolated cancer cells is:
A. Apoptosis
B. Cell differentiation
C. Cell transformation
D. Necrosis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cell transformation refers to genetic changes that allow cells to grow uncontrollably.
These changes disrupt normal cell-cycle regulation. Over time, transformed cells may become
malignant.
2. An immature, undifferentiated cell capable of infinite cellular division when stimulated
is a:
A. Somatic cell
B. Progenitor cell
C. Stem cell
D. Germ cell
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Stem cells have the unique ability to self-renew indefinitely. They can also
differentiate into specialized cell types. This property is critical for tissue repair and
development.
3. The process whereby a stem cell undergoes cell division over an average 24-hour period
is called the:
A. Apoptotic pathway
B. Cell cycle
C. Mitotic phase
D. Differentiation cycle
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The cell cycle includes G1, S, G2, and M phases. It regulates cell growth and
replication. Disruption of this cycle can lead to cancer.
4. Anaphylaxis is classified as which type of hypersensitivity reaction?
A. Type I
B. Type II
C. Type III
, D. Type IV
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Type I hypersensitivity reactions are IgE-mediated. They occur rapidly after antigen
exposure. Anaphylaxis is the most severe form.
5. Type II (cytotoxic) hypersensitivity reactions are mediated by:
A. IgA antibodies
B. IgE antibodies
C. IgG or IgM antibodies
D. T lymphocytes
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: IgG and IgM bind to antigens on cell surfaces. This activates complement and leads
to cell destruction. Examples include hemolytic anemia.
6. Damage occurs with ABO blood incompatibility because:
A. Platelets aggregate excessively
B. Complement damages the RBC membrane causing lysis
C. T cells attack vascular endothelium
D. IgE causes mast cell degranulation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: ABO incompatibility activates the complement cascade. This results in red blood cell
destruction. Acute hemolytic reactions can be life-threatening.
7. Sudden lip and eye swelling, shortness of breath, and throat tightness after a bee sting
indicate:
A. Angioedema
B. Serum sickness
C. Anaphylaxis
D. Autoimmune response
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: These symptoms indicate systemic mast-cell activation. Anaphylaxis develops
rapidly after allergen exposure. Immediate treatment with epinephrine is required.
8. Which condition is an example of a primary immunodeficiency?
A. HIV infection
B. Chronic granulomatous disease
C. Malnutrition
D. Chemotherapy-induced neutropenia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Primary immunodeficiencies are genetic. Chronic granulomatous disease impairs
phagocyte function. Patients experience recurrent bacterial infections.
9. The predominant cause of secondary immune deficiency worldwide is:
A. Cancer
B. HIV
C. Aging
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY | QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS| 100% CORRECT |
GRADE A – CHAMBERLAIN 2026
Questions 1–50
1. A common event during cellular reproduction resulting in the constant occurrence of
isolated cancer cells is:
A. Apoptosis
B. Cell differentiation
C. Cell transformation
D. Necrosis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cell transformation refers to genetic changes that allow cells to grow uncontrollably.
These changes disrupt normal cell-cycle regulation. Over time, transformed cells may become
malignant.
2. An immature, undifferentiated cell capable of infinite cellular division when stimulated
is a:
A. Somatic cell
B. Progenitor cell
C. Stem cell
D. Germ cell
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Stem cells have the unique ability to self-renew indefinitely. They can also
differentiate into specialized cell types. This property is critical for tissue repair and
development.
3. The process whereby a stem cell undergoes cell division over an average 24-hour period
is called the:
A. Apoptotic pathway
B. Cell cycle
C. Mitotic phase
D. Differentiation cycle
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The cell cycle includes G1, S, G2, and M phases. It regulates cell growth and
replication. Disruption of this cycle can lead to cancer.
4. Anaphylaxis is classified as which type of hypersensitivity reaction?
A. Type I
B. Type II
C. Type III
, D. Type IV
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Type I hypersensitivity reactions are IgE-mediated. They occur rapidly after antigen
exposure. Anaphylaxis is the most severe form.
5. Type II (cytotoxic) hypersensitivity reactions are mediated by:
A. IgA antibodies
B. IgE antibodies
C. IgG or IgM antibodies
D. T lymphocytes
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: IgG and IgM bind to antigens on cell surfaces. This activates complement and leads
to cell destruction. Examples include hemolytic anemia.
6. Damage occurs with ABO blood incompatibility because:
A. Platelets aggregate excessively
B. Complement damages the RBC membrane causing lysis
C. T cells attack vascular endothelium
D. IgE causes mast cell degranulation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: ABO incompatibility activates the complement cascade. This results in red blood cell
destruction. Acute hemolytic reactions can be life-threatening.
7. Sudden lip and eye swelling, shortness of breath, and throat tightness after a bee sting
indicate:
A. Angioedema
B. Serum sickness
C. Anaphylaxis
D. Autoimmune response
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: These symptoms indicate systemic mast-cell activation. Anaphylaxis develops
rapidly after allergen exposure. Immediate treatment with epinephrine is required.
8. Which condition is an example of a primary immunodeficiency?
A. HIV infection
B. Chronic granulomatous disease
C. Malnutrition
D. Chemotherapy-induced neutropenia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Primary immunodeficiencies are genetic. Chronic granulomatous disease impairs
phagocyte function. Patients experience recurrent bacterial infections.
9. The predominant cause of secondary immune deficiency worldwide is:
A. Cancer
B. HIV
C. Aging
