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Fortis NUR 210/ NUR210 Exam 3 V2 |
Transition to Practice Capstone
(2026/2027) | Real Exam Q&A | Grade A
What is pain
a personal experience influenced by biological, psychological and social factors
Biological factors affecting pain
Nociception, Brain function, Source of pain, Illness, Medical diagnosis, Age, Injury, past
or present, Genetic sensitivity, Hormones, Inflammation, Obesity, Cognitive function
Psychological factors affecting pain
Mood/affect, Fatigue, Stress, Coping, Trauma, Sleep, Fear, Anxiety, Developmental
stage, Meaning of pain, Memory, Attitude, Beliefs, Emotional status, Expectations
Social factors affecting pain
Culture, Values, Economic, Environment, Social support, Coping mechanisms,
Spirituality, Ethnicity, Education
When is the concept of pain learned
through all stages of life
How is pain a survival response
Motivator to withdraw from dangerous stimuli, protect the damaged area until healed,
and avoid similar stimuli in the future
How has pain been defined
what a person says it is and a person's experience should be respected
What can pain adversely affect
function, socialization, and psychological well-being
How can pain be expressed
can be expressed verbally, and through other methods, just because a person cant talk
doesn't mean they are not in pain
,Nociceptor
A sensory receptor for painful stimuli.
Types of nociceptor
thermal nociceptor, mechanical nociceptor, chemical nociceptor
Thermal nociceptor
activated by noxious heat or cold
Mechanical nociceptor
activated by express pressure or mechanical deformation
Chemical nociceptor
activated by a wide variety of spices commonly used in cooking
Two types of nociceptor fibers
A-delta fibers and C fibers
A-delta fibers
fast-conducting fibers and associated with the initial sharp, stinging, or pricking pain
sensation
C fibers
slower-conducting fibers and are associated with the secondary sensation of diffuse,
dull, burning, and aching pain
Types of pain
visceral, deep somatic, superficial, and neuropathic pain.
Visceral
diffuse, difficult to locate, and often referred to a distant, usually superficial, structure.
It may be accompanied by nausea and vomiting and may be described as sickening,
deep, squeezing, and dull.
Deep somatic
initiated by stimulation of nociceptors in ligaments, tendons, bones, blood vessels,
fascia, and muscles and is a dull, aching, poorly localized pain.
Superficial pain
initiated by the activation of nociceptors in the skin or other superficial tissue and is
sharp, well-defined, and clearly located.
,neuropathic pain
pain caused by a lesion or disease of the somatosensory nervous system. It is typically
described by patients as "burning" or "like pins and needles."
Referred pain
Pain perceived at a location other than the site of the painful stimulus. For example,
pain from retained gas in the colon can cause pain to be perceived in the shoulder.
Acute pain
Pain that is limited in duration.
Acute pain
pain associated with a specific cause
Acute pain
causes a physiological response resulting in increased pulse, respirations, blood
pressure, and diaphoresis
Chronic pain
Pain that is ongoing and persistent for longer than six months
Chronic pain
does not cause a change in vital signs or diaphoresis
Chronic pain
may be diffuse and not confined to a specific area of the body
Chronic pain
often affects an individual's psychological, social, and behavioral responses that can
influence daily functioning.
Pain in Children
harder to describe the pain (why we use different pain scales), behavior that reflects
pain (rubbing tummy), can try to be brave (very young can be undertreated)
Pain in Older adults
undertreated, more unlikely to report, may present as confusion agitation or irritability.
Special populations at risk for undertreatment
Patients with a history of addiction (can get labeled as drug seeking),
Nonverbal/cognitively impaired, or unconscious patients, Patients who endure pain
without complaining due to cultural or religious beliefs, Non-English-speaking patients
where communicating is a barrier, Uninsured or underinsured patients where the cost
of medications is a barrier
, Tolerance
A reduced response to pain medication when the same dose of a drug has been given
repeatedly, requiring a higher dose of the drug to achieve the same level of response.
Physical dependence
Withdrawal symptoms that occur when chronic pain medication is suddenly reduced or
stopped because of physiological adaptations that occur from chronic exposure to the
medication.
Misuse
Taking prescription pain medications in a manner or dose other than prescribed; taking
someone else's prescription, even if for a medical complaint such as pain; or taking a
medication to feel euphoria (i.e., to get high).
What in the 5th vital sign
pain
What did treatment of the 5th vital sign lead to
led to an associated rise in the number of deaths from overdose. Organizations began to
urge caution about the use of opioids for pain, including guidelines published in 2016 by
the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) on prescribing opioids for pain
Substance abuse disorder
Significant impairment or distress from a pattern of substance use (i.e., alcohol, drugs,
or misuse of prescription medications).
Symptoms of substance abuse
Use of more of a substance than planned or using a substance for a longer interval than
desired
Symptoms of substance abuse
Inability to cut down despite desire to do so
Symptoms of substance abuse
Spending a substantial amount of the day obtaining, using, or recovering from
substance use
Symptoms of substance abuse
Cravings or intense urge to use a substance
Symptoms of substance abuse
Repeated usage causing an inability to meet important social or professional obligations
Fortis NUR 210/ NUR210 Exam 3 V2 |
Transition to Practice Capstone
(2026/2027) | Real Exam Q&A | Grade A
What is pain
a personal experience influenced by biological, psychological and social factors
Biological factors affecting pain
Nociception, Brain function, Source of pain, Illness, Medical diagnosis, Age, Injury, past
or present, Genetic sensitivity, Hormones, Inflammation, Obesity, Cognitive function
Psychological factors affecting pain
Mood/affect, Fatigue, Stress, Coping, Trauma, Sleep, Fear, Anxiety, Developmental
stage, Meaning of pain, Memory, Attitude, Beliefs, Emotional status, Expectations
Social factors affecting pain
Culture, Values, Economic, Environment, Social support, Coping mechanisms,
Spirituality, Ethnicity, Education
When is the concept of pain learned
through all stages of life
How is pain a survival response
Motivator to withdraw from dangerous stimuli, protect the damaged area until healed,
and avoid similar stimuli in the future
How has pain been defined
what a person says it is and a person's experience should be respected
What can pain adversely affect
function, socialization, and psychological well-being
How can pain be expressed
can be expressed verbally, and through other methods, just because a person cant talk
doesn't mean they are not in pain
,Nociceptor
A sensory receptor for painful stimuli.
Types of nociceptor
thermal nociceptor, mechanical nociceptor, chemical nociceptor
Thermal nociceptor
activated by noxious heat or cold
Mechanical nociceptor
activated by express pressure or mechanical deformation
Chemical nociceptor
activated by a wide variety of spices commonly used in cooking
Two types of nociceptor fibers
A-delta fibers and C fibers
A-delta fibers
fast-conducting fibers and associated with the initial sharp, stinging, or pricking pain
sensation
C fibers
slower-conducting fibers and are associated with the secondary sensation of diffuse,
dull, burning, and aching pain
Types of pain
visceral, deep somatic, superficial, and neuropathic pain.
Visceral
diffuse, difficult to locate, and often referred to a distant, usually superficial, structure.
It may be accompanied by nausea and vomiting and may be described as sickening,
deep, squeezing, and dull.
Deep somatic
initiated by stimulation of nociceptors in ligaments, tendons, bones, blood vessels,
fascia, and muscles and is a dull, aching, poorly localized pain.
Superficial pain
initiated by the activation of nociceptors in the skin or other superficial tissue and is
sharp, well-defined, and clearly located.
,neuropathic pain
pain caused by a lesion or disease of the somatosensory nervous system. It is typically
described by patients as "burning" or "like pins and needles."
Referred pain
Pain perceived at a location other than the site of the painful stimulus. For example,
pain from retained gas in the colon can cause pain to be perceived in the shoulder.
Acute pain
Pain that is limited in duration.
Acute pain
pain associated with a specific cause
Acute pain
causes a physiological response resulting in increased pulse, respirations, blood
pressure, and diaphoresis
Chronic pain
Pain that is ongoing and persistent for longer than six months
Chronic pain
does not cause a change in vital signs or diaphoresis
Chronic pain
may be diffuse and not confined to a specific area of the body
Chronic pain
often affects an individual's psychological, social, and behavioral responses that can
influence daily functioning.
Pain in Children
harder to describe the pain (why we use different pain scales), behavior that reflects
pain (rubbing tummy), can try to be brave (very young can be undertreated)
Pain in Older adults
undertreated, more unlikely to report, may present as confusion agitation or irritability.
Special populations at risk for undertreatment
Patients with a history of addiction (can get labeled as drug seeking),
Nonverbal/cognitively impaired, or unconscious patients, Patients who endure pain
without complaining due to cultural or religious beliefs, Non-English-speaking patients
where communicating is a barrier, Uninsured or underinsured patients where the cost
of medications is a barrier
, Tolerance
A reduced response to pain medication when the same dose of a drug has been given
repeatedly, requiring a higher dose of the drug to achieve the same level of response.
Physical dependence
Withdrawal symptoms that occur when chronic pain medication is suddenly reduced or
stopped because of physiological adaptations that occur from chronic exposure to the
medication.
Misuse
Taking prescription pain medications in a manner or dose other than prescribed; taking
someone else's prescription, even if for a medical complaint such as pain; or taking a
medication to feel euphoria (i.e., to get high).
What in the 5th vital sign
pain
What did treatment of the 5th vital sign lead to
led to an associated rise in the number of deaths from overdose. Organizations began to
urge caution about the use of opioids for pain, including guidelines published in 2016 by
the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) on prescribing opioids for pain
Substance abuse disorder
Significant impairment or distress from a pattern of substance use (i.e., alcohol, drugs,
or misuse of prescription medications).
Symptoms of substance abuse
Use of more of a substance than planned or using a substance for a longer interval than
desired
Symptoms of substance abuse
Inability to cut down despite desire to do so
Symptoms of substance abuse
Spending a substantial amount of the day obtaining, using, or recovering from
substance use
Symptoms of substance abuse
Cravings or intense urge to use a substance
Symptoms of substance abuse
Repeated usage causing an inability to meet important social or professional obligations
