Med-Surg Practice Questions with Accurate
Answers
A 25-year-old male presents to the trauma center after a motor vehicle collision.
The
nurse is assessing the client and notes the abdomen to be distended with bruising
around
the umbilicus. Which of the following diagnostics would the nurse anticipate the
physician ordering for the client? Select all that apply.
1. CBC (complete blood count)
2. Blood type and cross match
3. Urine drug screen
4. Thyroid profile
5. RA factor correct answer: 1; 2; 3
Rationale: The diagnostic tests ordered once the client reaches the hospital
depend on the
type of injury the client has sustained. Tests that might be ordered will include
blood type
and crossmatching for the client's serum and donor red blood cells. Blood alcohol
level
and urine drug screen might be ordered to assess alcohol or drugs. Thyroid
studies should
always be considered, but based on the client's presenting symptoms, it is not a
critical
diagnostic at this time.
,A 34-year-old client, who is at her annual gynecologic examination, is being
taught
about early screening for breast cancer. The client has a sister and mother with a
history
of breast cancer. Which action by the client demonstrates good screening
techniques for
someone with her family history?
Answer Choices:
1. Routine breast exams to begin after age 35
2. Reporting of any changes in breast tissue to the health provider at the next
routine
visit
3. Annual screening mammography staring at age 40
4. Clinical breast examination every three years correct answer Answer: 4
Rationale: American Cancer Society guidelines for cancer screening include
routine
breast self-examination starting at age 20; prompt reporting of any change in
breast tissue
to healthcare provider; clinical breast examination every three years from ages 20
to 39,
and yearly thereafter; annual screening mammography starting at age 40, except
in
women at increased risk, who may have more frequent mammography or other
tests such
as breast ultrasound exams.
,A 45-year-old client voices concerns about gaining 12 pounds over the past two
years.
The client reports no change in dietary habits. Which response by the nurse is
most
appropriate?
a. "Age-related changes in metabolism can result in weight gain despite
consistent dietary
intake."
b. "Are you exercising?"
c. "You might be eating more than you think."
d. "You are getting older." correct answer Answer: a
Rationale: A reduction in metabolic rate often accompanies aging. This will cause
weight
gain despite not eating more calories. Asking the client about exercise fails to
provide the
needed information to the client. It also assumes the client is sedentary. Implying
the
client is overeating is judgmental, and will do little to establish a therapeutic
rapport. The
client is aware of aging. Pointing this out does little to meet the client's obvious
interest
in more information.
A 45-year-old woman presents to the ambulatory clinic for a gynecological
, examination. The health history reveals no significant personal or family medical
history.
What information concerning health-promotion behaviors should be presented to
the
client?
a. It is time to begin having mammograms every other year.
b. If the client is in a monogamous relationship, Pap smears will not be needed.
c. Bone density examinations are indicated every year.
d. Recommended calcium intake is at least 1,200 mg per day. correct answer
Answer: d
Rationale: The recommended calcium intake is at least 1,200 mg per day. This will
be
beneficial in the prevention of osteoporosis. Women should begin having annual
mammograms by age 40. Pap smears are continued for women in monogamous
relationships. For women with no significant risk for the development of
osteoporosis,
bone density examinations should be done every other year.
A 75-year-old client seeks care at an ambulatory clinic. The client reports having
experienced extreme drowsiness after recently taking dosages of an over-the-
counter cold
medication. When collecting data, the nurse notes the client reports taking only
the
prescribed amount of the preparation. What inferences can be made by the nurse
Answers
A 25-year-old male presents to the trauma center after a motor vehicle collision.
The
nurse is assessing the client and notes the abdomen to be distended with bruising
around
the umbilicus. Which of the following diagnostics would the nurse anticipate the
physician ordering for the client? Select all that apply.
1. CBC (complete blood count)
2. Blood type and cross match
3. Urine drug screen
4. Thyroid profile
5. RA factor correct answer: 1; 2; 3
Rationale: The diagnostic tests ordered once the client reaches the hospital
depend on the
type of injury the client has sustained. Tests that might be ordered will include
blood type
and crossmatching for the client's serum and donor red blood cells. Blood alcohol
level
and urine drug screen might be ordered to assess alcohol or drugs. Thyroid
studies should
always be considered, but based on the client's presenting symptoms, it is not a
critical
diagnostic at this time.
,A 34-year-old client, who is at her annual gynecologic examination, is being
taught
about early screening for breast cancer. The client has a sister and mother with a
history
of breast cancer. Which action by the client demonstrates good screening
techniques for
someone with her family history?
Answer Choices:
1. Routine breast exams to begin after age 35
2. Reporting of any changes in breast tissue to the health provider at the next
routine
visit
3. Annual screening mammography staring at age 40
4. Clinical breast examination every three years correct answer Answer: 4
Rationale: American Cancer Society guidelines for cancer screening include
routine
breast self-examination starting at age 20; prompt reporting of any change in
breast tissue
to healthcare provider; clinical breast examination every three years from ages 20
to 39,
and yearly thereafter; annual screening mammography starting at age 40, except
in
women at increased risk, who may have more frequent mammography or other
tests such
as breast ultrasound exams.
,A 45-year-old client voices concerns about gaining 12 pounds over the past two
years.
The client reports no change in dietary habits. Which response by the nurse is
most
appropriate?
a. "Age-related changes in metabolism can result in weight gain despite
consistent dietary
intake."
b. "Are you exercising?"
c. "You might be eating more than you think."
d. "You are getting older." correct answer Answer: a
Rationale: A reduction in metabolic rate often accompanies aging. This will cause
weight
gain despite not eating more calories. Asking the client about exercise fails to
provide the
needed information to the client. It also assumes the client is sedentary. Implying
the
client is overeating is judgmental, and will do little to establish a therapeutic
rapport. The
client is aware of aging. Pointing this out does little to meet the client's obvious
interest
in more information.
A 45-year-old woman presents to the ambulatory clinic for a gynecological
, examination. The health history reveals no significant personal or family medical
history.
What information concerning health-promotion behaviors should be presented to
the
client?
a. It is time to begin having mammograms every other year.
b. If the client is in a monogamous relationship, Pap smears will not be needed.
c. Bone density examinations are indicated every year.
d. Recommended calcium intake is at least 1,200 mg per day. correct answer
Answer: d
Rationale: The recommended calcium intake is at least 1,200 mg per day. This will
be
beneficial in the prevention of osteoporosis. Women should begin having annual
mammograms by age 40. Pap smears are continued for women in monogamous
relationships. For women with no significant risk for the development of
osteoporosis,
bone density examinations should be done every other year.
A 75-year-old client seeks care at an ambulatory clinic. The client reports having
experienced extreme drowsiness after recently taking dosages of an over-the-
counter cold
medication. When collecting data, the nurse notes the client reports taking only
the
prescribed amount of the preparation. What inferences can be made by the nurse
