NURSE 660 EXAM 1 UPDATED EXAM
REVIEW 2026 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS GRADED A+
⩥ Stress? Answer: Psychological, emotional,physical response and
adaptation to real or perceived changes and challenges
⩥ Consequences of long term exposure to high cortisol? Answer:
decreased immunity
chronic inflammation
weight gain
⩥ Short term exposure to high cortisol? Answer: Improved immunity
Slows inflammation
⩥ 2 categories of stressors? Answer: Psychological
Physiological
⩥ Psychological stressors? Answer: event, situation,comment,condition
or interaction that is interpreted as negative or threatening
⩥ Physiological stressors. Answer: injury or illness, bodys reaction is
immediate and necessary for survival
,⩥ Physiological changes that happen in response to fight or flight
Answer: Heart rate/BP increase
Lungs dilate/RR increase
Pupils dilate
Mental alertness diminshes
⩥ Hormone response- HPA axis Answer: allows body to return to
homeostasis after a stressful event
⩥ Stress release process Answer: Hypothalamus- releases CRH in
response to stress
Anterior pit. releases ACTH in response to CRH
Adrenal cortex releases cortisol in response to ACTH
⩥ Adrenaline Answer: (epinephrine)
Increase HR,RR
Increase blood flow to skeletal muscles
⩥ Norepinephrine Answer: Peripheral vasoconstriction
⩥ Dopamine Answer: Increase cardiac contractility
, ⩥ General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) Answer: Alarm stage
Resistance stage
Exhaustion Stage
⩥ Alarm Stage Answer: Fight or flight
Increased production of epi,norepi, and cortisol
Increased BP,HR, decreased immune response
Altered glucose production
⩥ Resistance stage Answer: Coping
Body tries to return to homeostasis but is guarded.
Cortisol production continues but at a lower rate
⩥ Exhaustion stage Answer: Recovery or Disease/death
If body fails to return to homeostasis, disease develops
Hypertension,diabetes,arrthmias
⩥ Crisis Answer: a threatnening situation in which a person experiences
an intensice behavioral,emotional, or psychiatric response triggered by a
precipitating event
⩥ Defense mechanisms Answer: Denial
REVIEW 2026 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS GRADED A+
⩥ Stress? Answer: Psychological, emotional,physical response and
adaptation to real or perceived changes and challenges
⩥ Consequences of long term exposure to high cortisol? Answer:
decreased immunity
chronic inflammation
weight gain
⩥ Short term exposure to high cortisol? Answer: Improved immunity
Slows inflammation
⩥ 2 categories of stressors? Answer: Psychological
Physiological
⩥ Psychological stressors? Answer: event, situation,comment,condition
or interaction that is interpreted as negative or threatening
⩥ Physiological stressors. Answer: injury or illness, bodys reaction is
immediate and necessary for survival
,⩥ Physiological changes that happen in response to fight or flight
Answer: Heart rate/BP increase
Lungs dilate/RR increase
Pupils dilate
Mental alertness diminshes
⩥ Hormone response- HPA axis Answer: allows body to return to
homeostasis after a stressful event
⩥ Stress release process Answer: Hypothalamus- releases CRH in
response to stress
Anterior pit. releases ACTH in response to CRH
Adrenal cortex releases cortisol in response to ACTH
⩥ Adrenaline Answer: (epinephrine)
Increase HR,RR
Increase blood flow to skeletal muscles
⩥ Norepinephrine Answer: Peripheral vasoconstriction
⩥ Dopamine Answer: Increase cardiac contractility
, ⩥ General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) Answer: Alarm stage
Resistance stage
Exhaustion Stage
⩥ Alarm Stage Answer: Fight or flight
Increased production of epi,norepi, and cortisol
Increased BP,HR, decreased immune response
Altered glucose production
⩥ Resistance stage Answer: Coping
Body tries to return to homeostasis but is guarded.
Cortisol production continues but at a lower rate
⩥ Exhaustion stage Answer: Recovery or Disease/death
If body fails to return to homeostasis, disease develops
Hypertension,diabetes,arrthmias
⩥ Crisis Answer: a threatnening situation in which a person experiences
an intensice behavioral,emotional, or psychiatric response triggered by a
precipitating event
⩥ Defense mechanisms Answer: Denial
