NUR390 EXAM 1 2026 ACTUAL PAPER
QUESTIONS ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ How to calculate MAP? Answer: Double diastolic + systolic / 3
Below 65 (or 70 in a healthy person) means the organs are not being
properly perfused. This is a critical situation.
Used to identify hypotension
◉ Nursing intervention for monitoring fluid volume Answer: MAP
I&Os
Daily weights
◉ Lab data for monitoring fluid volume Answer: Sodium, BUN, Hct
◉ signs/symptoms of fluid overload Answer: Crackles, edema,
hyponatremia (dilutional), bounding pulse, elevated BP/ MAP
At risk for impaired gas exchange, tissue breakdown, activity
intolerance, decreased body image.
,◉ Hypovolemia lab values Answer: BUN = High
(hemoconcentration)
Sodium = High (hemoconcentration)
Hematocrit = Measures the ratio of red blood cells to fluid volume so
it is high (hemoconcentration)
◉ Hypervolemia lab values Answer: Albumin = Protein - We monitor
this as fluid is leaking out of the capillary network and the client is
presenting with edema or 3rd spacing
BUN = Low (hemodilution)
Sodium = Low (hemodilution)
Hematocrit = Low (hemodilution)
◉ Priority intervention for excess fluid volume Answer: Fluid
volume excess resulting in crackles: give a diuretic.
◉ Priority assessment for fluid volume disturbance Answer: Daily
weights
◉ Client at risk for fluid volume deficit Answer: High fever,
heatstroke, DI, hemorrhage, GI losses from V/D, diuretics,
dehydration, burns, pancreatitis
, ◉ How does low cardiac output affect the body? (LOCO MAN)
Answer: Neurological - Decreased LOC; Dizziness/Syncope; Anxiety;
Sense of impending doom
Cardiovascular - Chest pain/Tachycardia
Respiratory - SOB/Tachypnea
Gastrointestinal - N/V
Kidneys - Low urine output or urine less than 0.5 ml/kg/hr
Peripheral - Pale, cool, clammy
Muscles - Weakness/Fatigue
◉ Potential complications for fluid volume deficit Answer:
Hypovolemic shock and risk for falls (orthostatic hypotension); low
cardiac output
◉ Potential complications for fluid volume excess Answer:
Pulmonary edema, ascites, heart failure
QUESTIONS ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ How to calculate MAP? Answer: Double diastolic + systolic / 3
Below 65 (or 70 in a healthy person) means the organs are not being
properly perfused. This is a critical situation.
Used to identify hypotension
◉ Nursing intervention for monitoring fluid volume Answer: MAP
I&Os
Daily weights
◉ Lab data for monitoring fluid volume Answer: Sodium, BUN, Hct
◉ signs/symptoms of fluid overload Answer: Crackles, edema,
hyponatremia (dilutional), bounding pulse, elevated BP/ MAP
At risk for impaired gas exchange, tissue breakdown, activity
intolerance, decreased body image.
,◉ Hypovolemia lab values Answer: BUN = High
(hemoconcentration)
Sodium = High (hemoconcentration)
Hematocrit = Measures the ratio of red blood cells to fluid volume so
it is high (hemoconcentration)
◉ Hypervolemia lab values Answer: Albumin = Protein - We monitor
this as fluid is leaking out of the capillary network and the client is
presenting with edema or 3rd spacing
BUN = Low (hemodilution)
Sodium = Low (hemodilution)
Hematocrit = Low (hemodilution)
◉ Priority intervention for excess fluid volume Answer: Fluid
volume excess resulting in crackles: give a diuretic.
◉ Priority assessment for fluid volume disturbance Answer: Daily
weights
◉ Client at risk for fluid volume deficit Answer: High fever,
heatstroke, DI, hemorrhage, GI losses from V/D, diuretics,
dehydration, burns, pancreatitis
, ◉ How does low cardiac output affect the body? (LOCO MAN)
Answer: Neurological - Decreased LOC; Dizziness/Syncope; Anxiety;
Sense of impending doom
Cardiovascular - Chest pain/Tachycardia
Respiratory - SOB/Tachypnea
Gastrointestinal - N/V
Kidneys - Low urine output or urine less than 0.5 ml/kg/hr
Peripheral - Pale, cool, clammy
Muscles - Weakness/Fatigue
◉ Potential complications for fluid volume deficit Answer:
Hypovolemic shock and risk for falls (orthostatic hypotension); low
cardiac output
◉ Potential complications for fluid volume excess Answer:
Pulmonary edema, ascites, heart failure
