Paediatric dentistry Exam Questions
With All Correct Detailed Answers
Verified
What is the most common type of injury in primary and permanent dentition? - Answer-
Primary= luxation
Secondary= Crown fracture
What are the 5 features of a trauma grid? - Answer- Colour
Mobility
TTP
Vitality
Radiographs
Would you use an electric pulp tester in children? - Answer- No -unreliable
Name some injuries to the dental hard tissue - Answer- -Infraction (small enamel crack-
no loss)
-enamel fracture
-enamel dentine fracture
-complicated crown fracture (enamel, dentine, pulp)
-Crown root fracture (complicated or uncomplicated)
-Root fracture
Name some injuries to the periodontal ligament - Answer- -Concussion= pain but no
mobility
-Subluxation= loosening but no displacement
-Intrusive luxation= diplacement apically
-Extrusive luxation= displacement coronally
-Lateral luxation= displacement laterally
-Avulsion= loss of tooth
Name some injuries to the supporting bone - Answer- -Communication of socket wall
-Fracture of socket wall
-Fracture of alveolar process
-Fracture of maxilla or mandible
Name some injuries to the oral mucosa - Answer- -Laceration= caused by a tear
-Contusion= bruise but no break in mucosa
-Abrasion= superficial would by rubbing/scraping
-Degloving= exposed tissues that should be covered
,What are the outcomes of the pulp after a complicated crown fracture? - Answer- -
Survival
-Obliteration (successful revascularise, or deposition of hard tissue along pulp canal
walls)
-Necrosis
Name some factors that influence pulp healing after injury - Answer- -Initial pulp status
-Status of apex
-Time since injury
-Concurrent injures (e.g. PDL damage)
What occurs during extrusive luxation and can the tooth be pushed back into the
socket? - Answer- The socket fills with blood and blood begins to harden and clot,
meaning difficult to push the tooth up into the socket
The pulp is involved as the blood vessels at the apex are stretched or severed
What occurs during lateral luxation and can the tooth be pushed back into the socket? -
Answer- The alveolar bone at the apex has fractured and the root has slotted into this
fracture
Will need to use forceps to re position the tooth so that the root is not in the fracture slot
Which PDL injury has the most damage? - Answer- Avulsion, followed by intrusive
luxation
What is the golden time frame for reimplanting an avulsed permanent tooth? - Answer-
5 minutes- before the blood clot has formed
When would you reimplant an avulsed primary tooth? - Answer- NEVER
Are you more likely to get pulpal survival after injury with an open or closed apex? -
Answer- Open apex more likely to have pulpal survival- reestablishment of blood supply
is easy
How will a tooth appear if it has obliterated and hart tissue has been deposited in the
canals?
How will it react to pharmethyl testing? - Answer- More yellow- due to increased dentine
deposition
Will react positively- depending on the extent of hard tissue deposition
What are the 3 types of PDL resorption following trauma? - Answer- -Surface
resorption= nicest form, occurs on outside of root surface
-Inflammatory resorption= infected necrotic pulp- can be helped with RCT
-Replacement resorption (ankylosis)= PDL/tooth gets replaced by bone
,When is inflammatory resorption of the PDL most common?
How would you treat this? - Answer- Mature apex (adults)
Significant injuries such as avulsion and internal luxation
Treat= RCT
When is replacement resorption of the PDL most common?
How would you treat this? - Answer- Younger age
No treatment helpful
What is the difference between apexogenesis and apexification? - Answer-
Apexogenesis= allow root to form apex naturally
Apexification= Artifically close the apex using MTA
What would you do if you had a NON-VITAL tooth with an open apex? - Answer- MTA
to close apex (apexification)
RCT- do not use lateral condensation as the points do not fit the new shape of the end
of canal
What would you do if you had a VITAL tooth with an open apex? - Answer- Cvek
pulpotomy= remove 2mm of pulp from chamber, then add mediciment and pulpal seal
If fails
Cervical pulpotomy= remove all pulp in chamber and mediciment and pulpal seal
How would you restore an uncomplicated crown fracture? - Answer- -Composite tip
-Fragment reattachment (using GIC as a liner, etch and bond both the fractured tooth
and the fragment and stick together using composite)
What would you do about a traumatised discoloured tooth? - Answer- Firstly extirpate
(RCT)
Then non-vital bleaching (access chamber, etch chamber, sodium perborate, and
repeat in visits)
What would you do about traumatised displaced teeth? - Answer- -Reposition (ortho)
-Autotransplantation
-Replace (fixed or removable prosthesis. Note: would not do fixed on patient that is still
growing due to drifting of teeth)
What are the types of supernumarary teeth? - Answer- -Supplemental
, -Conical (mesiodens)
-Tuberculate (usually palatal to upper 3's)
-Odontomas
What syndrome are supernumarary teeth common in? - Answer- Cleidocranial
dysplasia
What are the terms for different numbers of missing teeth? - Answer- -Hypodontia (1-6
teeth missing)
-Oligodontia (>6 teeth missing)
-Anodontia (all teeth missing)
THESE EXCLUDE MISSING 8'S
What syndromes hypodontia common in? - Answer- -ectodermal dysplasia (sparse hair,
hypodontia, pointy teeth)
-cleft lip and palate
-trisomy/down's syndrome
-gorlin goltz syndrome
By what age would all permanent tooth crowns (except 8's) have begun mineralisation
and can be visible radiographically? - Answer- By 6 years
Is microdontia more common in males or females? - Answer- Females
Are primary or permanent teeth more affected by fusion/gemination? - Answer- Primary
teeth
How would you tell the difference between gemination and fusion radiographically? -
Answer- Gemination= 1 root
Fusion= 2 roots
Where is a dens envaginatus usually found? - Answer- Mandible
Occlusal surface of premolar
What would be the danger of removing accessory cusps or dens envaginatus? -
Answer- They contain pulp
However, can be reduced gradually with hope that reactionary dentine is laid down
What developmental anomoly causes taurodontism? - Answer- Failure of Hertwig's
epithelial sheath to invaginate at the correct horizontal level
What is hypoplastic enamel? - Answer- Failure to form adequate volume of enamel
What is hypomineralised enamel? - Answer- Failure to calcify enamel matrix
With All Correct Detailed Answers
Verified
What is the most common type of injury in primary and permanent dentition? - Answer-
Primary= luxation
Secondary= Crown fracture
What are the 5 features of a trauma grid? - Answer- Colour
Mobility
TTP
Vitality
Radiographs
Would you use an electric pulp tester in children? - Answer- No -unreliable
Name some injuries to the dental hard tissue - Answer- -Infraction (small enamel crack-
no loss)
-enamel fracture
-enamel dentine fracture
-complicated crown fracture (enamel, dentine, pulp)
-Crown root fracture (complicated or uncomplicated)
-Root fracture
Name some injuries to the periodontal ligament - Answer- -Concussion= pain but no
mobility
-Subluxation= loosening but no displacement
-Intrusive luxation= diplacement apically
-Extrusive luxation= displacement coronally
-Lateral luxation= displacement laterally
-Avulsion= loss of tooth
Name some injuries to the supporting bone - Answer- -Communication of socket wall
-Fracture of socket wall
-Fracture of alveolar process
-Fracture of maxilla or mandible
Name some injuries to the oral mucosa - Answer- -Laceration= caused by a tear
-Contusion= bruise but no break in mucosa
-Abrasion= superficial would by rubbing/scraping
-Degloving= exposed tissues that should be covered
,What are the outcomes of the pulp after a complicated crown fracture? - Answer- -
Survival
-Obliteration (successful revascularise, or deposition of hard tissue along pulp canal
walls)
-Necrosis
Name some factors that influence pulp healing after injury - Answer- -Initial pulp status
-Status of apex
-Time since injury
-Concurrent injures (e.g. PDL damage)
What occurs during extrusive luxation and can the tooth be pushed back into the
socket? - Answer- The socket fills with blood and blood begins to harden and clot,
meaning difficult to push the tooth up into the socket
The pulp is involved as the blood vessels at the apex are stretched or severed
What occurs during lateral luxation and can the tooth be pushed back into the socket? -
Answer- The alveolar bone at the apex has fractured and the root has slotted into this
fracture
Will need to use forceps to re position the tooth so that the root is not in the fracture slot
Which PDL injury has the most damage? - Answer- Avulsion, followed by intrusive
luxation
What is the golden time frame for reimplanting an avulsed permanent tooth? - Answer-
5 minutes- before the blood clot has formed
When would you reimplant an avulsed primary tooth? - Answer- NEVER
Are you more likely to get pulpal survival after injury with an open or closed apex? -
Answer- Open apex more likely to have pulpal survival- reestablishment of blood supply
is easy
How will a tooth appear if it has obliterated and hart tissue has been deposited in the
canals?
How will it react to pharmethyl testing? - Answer- More yellow- due to increased dentine
deposition
Will react positively- depending on the extent of hard tissue deposition
What are the 3 types of PDL resorption following trauma? - Answer- -Surface
resorption= nicest form, occurs on outside of root surface
-Inflammatory resorption= infected necrotic pulp- can be helped with RCT
-Replacement resorption (ankylosis)= PDL/tooth gets replaced by bone
,When is inflammatory resorption of the PDL most common?
How would you treat this? - Answer- Mature apex (adults)
Significant injuries such as avulsion and internal luxation
Treat= RCT
When is replacement resorption of the PDL most common?
How would you treat this? - Answer- Younger age
No treatment helpful
What is the difference between apexogenesis and apexification? - Answer-
Apexogenesis= allow root to form apex naturally
Apexification= Artifically close the apex using MTA
What would you do if you had a NON-VITAL tooth with an open apex? - Answer- MTA
to close apex (apexification)
RCT- do not use lateral condensation as the points do not fit the new shape of the end
of canal
What would you do if you had a VITAL tooth with an open apex? - Answer- Cvek
pulpotomy= remove 2mm of pulp from chamber, then add mediciment and pulpal seal
If fails
Cervical pulpotomy= remove all pulp in chamber and mediciment and pulpal seal
How would you restore an uncomplicated crown fracture? - Answer- -Composite tip
-Fragment reattachment (using GIC as a liner, etch and bond both the fractured tooth
and the fragment and stick together using composite)
What would you do about a traumatised discoloured tooth? - Answer- Firstly extirpate
(RCT)
Then non-vital bleaching (access chamber, etch chamber, sodium perborate, and
repeat in visits)
What would you do about traumatised displaced teeth? - Answer- -Reposition (ortho)
-Autotransplantation
-Replace (fixed or removable prosthesis. Note: would not do fixed on patient that is still
growing due to drifting of teeth)
What are the types of supernumarary teeth? - Answer- -Supplemental
, -Conical (mesiodens)
-Tuberculate (usually palatal to upper 3's)
-Odontomas
What syndrome are supernumarary teeth common in? - Answer- Cleidocranial
dysplasia
What are the terms for different numbers of missing teeth? - Answer- -Hypodontia (1-6
teeth missing)
-Oligodontia (>6 teeth missing)
-Anodontia (all teeth missing)
THESE EXCLUDE MISSING 8'S
What syndromes hypodontia common in? - Answer- -ectodermal dysplasia (sparse hair,
hypodontia, pointy teeth)
-cleft lip and palate
-trisomy/down's syndrome
-gorlin goltz syndrome
By what age would all permanent tooth crowns (except 8's) have begun mineralisation
and can be visible radiographically? - Answer- By 6 years
Is microdontia more common in males or females? - Answer- Females
Are primary or permanent teeth more affected by fusion/gemination? - Answer- Primary
teeth
How would you tell the difference between gemination and fusion radiographically? -
Answer- Gemination= 1 root
Fusion= 2 roots
Where is a dens envaginatus usually found? - Answer- Mandible
Occlusal surface of premolar
What would be the danger of removing accessory cusps or dens envaginatus? -
Answer- They contain pulp
However, can be reduced gradually with hope that reactionary dentine is laid down
What developmental anomoly causes taurodontism? - Answer- Failure of Hertwig's
epithelial sheath to invaginate at the correct horizontal level
What is hypoplastic enamel? - Answer- Failure to form adequate volume of enamel
What is hypomineralised enamel? - Answer- Failure to calcify enamel matrix
