BIO 351 EXAM 4 (2026/2027) LAB QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A+
Early during development of the gastrointestinal system, the gut tube becomes
separated from which structure?
A. Yolk sac
B. Notochord
C. Neural folds
D. Heart
Yolk Sac
FGF1 is sufficient for driving
lung progenitors to proliferate
Which of the following gut tube derived structures result from the fusion of two
separate buds off the tube?
Stomach
Pancreas
Liver
Gall bladder
pancreas
,For the enteric ganglia cells that originated from the vagal neural crest , what
would be the last region of the gut tube populated by these cells?
small intestine
endoderm provides the embryonic source of the
gut tube and is dependent upon Sox17
embryonic folding is associated with the formation of the gut tube by
endoderm from a sheet
(gastrulation) cells in epiblast generate
mesoderm and definitive endoderm (DE)
definitive endoderm replaces the
hypoblast and visceral endoderm
Definitive endoderm distinguished from
mesoderm and visceral endoderm by expression of Sox17
,anterior fore gut fate along gut tube forms
lung and thyroid
posterior fore gut fate along gut tube forms
pancreas
hind-gut fate along gut tube forms
intestine
A-P fate
BMP, FGF, Wnts: high in posterior, low in anterior
lung is specified from an Nkx2.1 expressing region of the
anterior endoderm that undergoes branching morphogenesis and produce surfactant
for air exchange after birth
lung is derived from the
gut tube or endoderm
, lung bud begins as small pouch or
respiratory diverticulum extending from the foregut
lung bud specification of fates:
dorsal mesoderm derived Wnts activate b-catenin and Nkx2.1 in dorsal endoderm
to produce ciliated respiratory epithelia
ventral mesoderm expresses (lung bud specification)
Barx triggers expression of a Wnt antagonist, sFRP and expresses Sox2 to produce
squamous esophageal epithelia
tracheal-esophageal fistulas
derivation of the lung from the foregut
branching morphogenesis
growth from the center outward, must end and generate terminal alveoli, requires
high levels of cell proliferation (BrDU and EdU)
surfactant
transition to air breathing
AND CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A+
Early during development of the gastrointestinal system, the gut tube becomes
separated from which structure?
A. Yolk sac
B. Notochord
C. Neural folds
D. Heart
Yolk Sac
FGF1 is sufficient for driving
lung progenitors to proliferate
Which of the following gut tube derived structures result from the fusion of two
separate buds off the tube?
Stomach
Pancreas
Liver
Gall bladder
pancreas
,For the enteric ganglia cells that originated from the vagal neural crest , what
would be the last region of the gut tube populated by these cells?
small intestine
endoderm provides the embryonic source of the
gut tube and is dependent upon Sox17
embryonic folding is associated with the formation of the gut tube by
endoderm from a sheet
(gastrulation) cells in epiblast generate
mesoderm and definitive endoderm (DE)
definitive endoderm replaces the
hypoblast and visceral endoderm
Definitive endoderm distinguished from
mesoderm and visceral endoderm by expression of Sox17
,anterior fore gut fate along gut tube forms
lung and thyroid
posterior fore gut fate along gut tube forms
pancreas
hind-gut fate along gut tube forms
intestine
A-P fate
BMP, FGF, Wnts: high in posterior, low in anterior
lung is specified from an Nkx2.1 expressing region of the
anterior endoderm that undergoes branching morphogenesis and produce surfactant
for air exchange after birth
lung is derived from the
gut tube or endoderm
, lung bud begins as small pouch or
respiratory diverticulum extending from the foregut
lung bud specification of fates:
dorsal mesoderm derived Wnts activate b-catenin and Nkx2.1 in dorsal endoderm
to produce ciliated respiratory epithelia
ventral mesoderm expresses (lung bud specification)
Barx triggers expression of a Wnt antagonist, sFRP and expresses Sox2 to produce
squamous esophageal epithelia
tracheal-esophageal fistulas
derivation of the lung from the foregut
branching morphogenesis
growth from the center outward, must end and generate terminal alveoli, requires
high levels of cell proliferation (BrDU and EdU)
surfactant
transition to air breathing
